LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

University  of  California. 


•u/aax-v,     p,     QJL^^^d. 


Class  ^'^Qi  A^ 


THE  LETTERS 


OF  THE 


R^   2    COLLECTION 


IN  THE 


BRITISH   MUSEUM,  WITH  TRANSLITERATION,  NOTES 

AND   GLOSSARY 


BY 

GEORGE  RICKER  BERRY 

THE  UNIVEESIXY  OF  CHICAGO 


CHICAGO 

t^t  QXniuersitt  of  Chicago  (press 

1896 


A  DISSERTATION  PRESENTED  TO  THE  FACULTY  OF  THE  GRADUATE   SCHOOL  ARTS 

AND  LITERATURE  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO,  IN  CANDIDACY 

FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY. 


[Reprinted  from  Hbbbaica,  Vol.  XL,  Noa.  3  and  4.     Chicago,  111.] 


THE  LETTERS  OF    THE  R^  2.  COLLECTION   (ZA  VIIL 

pp.  341-359). 

By  George  Kicker  Berry. 

The  University  of  Chicago. 


The  term  Assyrian  Letters  may  for  convenience  be  applied  to  Letters 
written  either  in  Assyrian  or  Babylonian.  A  distinction  is  usually  made 
between  Letters  in  the  proper  sense  and  the  Eeports  of  government  officials, 
which  are  generally  formal  and  conventional.  No  clear  distinction,  however,  is 
possible.  Many  tablets,  properly  called  Letters,  are,  in  reality,  Eeports  from 
officials  to  the  king.  Such  Letter-reports  are  much  less  interesting  than  the 
more  informal — or  rather  less  official— Letters. 

In  this  introduction  I  aim  to  give  a  resume  of  the  work  done  upon  Assyrian 
Letters.  In  some  cases,  it  has  not  been  considered  necessary  to  attempt  a  dis- 
tinction between  Letters,  Letter-reports  and  Eeports. 

In  the  narrow  sense  in  which  it  is  ordinarily  used,  the  term  Assyrian  Letters 
designates  a  large  mass  of  literature  which  is,  by  common  consent,  referred  to 
the  period  of  the  Sargon  dynasty.  In  a  wider  sense,  however,  it  should  also 
include  the  Letters  found  at  Tel  el-Amarna  in  1887.  The  latter  belong  to  the 
XVth  century  B.  C,  and  are  now  in  the  museums  at  London,  Berlin  and  Gizeh, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  in  the  possession  of  private  parties.  The  following 
is  the  most  important  literature  on  the  Tel  el-Amarna  tablets :  (1)  Der  TTiontaf el- 
fund  von  El  Amarna,  Hugo  Winckler,  Berlin,  1890,  containing  the  cuneiform  text 
of  240  Letters,  besides  six  other  tablets  which  are  not  Letters.  A  large  part  of 
these  tablets  is  now  in  Berlin,  some  are  in  Gizeh,  and  a  few  in  the  possession  of 
M.  Golenischeff  of  St.  Petersburg.  (2)  Tlie  Tell  el-Amarna  Tablets  in  the  British 
Museum  with  Autotype  Facsimiles,  C.  Bezold  and  E.  A.  "W.  Budge,  London,  1892, 
containing  the  text  of  82  tablets  printed  with  the  type  of  the  Harrisons,  with  an 
introduction  and  summary  of  contents.  (3)  Oriental  Diplomacy,  Charles  Bezold, 
London,  1893,  contains  a  transliteration,  and  a  resume  of  the  contents  of 
the  tablets  in  the  British  Museum,  a  valuable  Introduction,  setting  forth  many 
of  the  characteristic  features  of  the  language  of  these  letters,  and  a  Glossary* 
(4)  The  Tell  Amarna  Tablets,  C.  E.  Conder,  London,  1893,  is  of  little  scientific 
value.  The  articles  in  Hebraica,  ZA,  PSBA,  JBL,  etc.,  etc.,  need  not  be 
cited  here. 


The  Letters  of  the  E^  2.  Collection.  3 

The  great  mass  of  Assyrian  Letters,  however,  belongs  to  the  later  period. 
The  texts  of  a  few  are  published  in  The  Cuneiform  InscriiMons  of  Western  Asia, 
III.  (1870),  IV.  (1875)  and  V.  (1884).i  Some  Letters  are  transliterated  and  trans- 
lated by  George  Smith  in  his  History  of  Assurbam2)al  (1871). 2  His  Assyrian 
Discoveries  (1875)  contains  the  translation  of  one  letter.3 

The  next  important  work  on  the  Letters  is  by  Theo.  G.  Pinches  (1)  in  TSBA 
VI.  (1877),  pp.  209-243,  where  he  gives  the  text,  transliteration,  and  translation 
of  four  Letters,^  and  (2)  in  PSBA  (Nov.  1881)  pp.  12-15,  where  he  transliterates 
and  translates  two  Letters.^  The  first  article  also  contains  some  interesting  and 
valuable  general  information  on  the  Letter  literature. 

In  TSBA  VI.  (June,  1877)  pp.  289-304,  a  Letters  is  published  by  H.  F.  Talbot 
in  text,  transliteration  and  translation  with  notes.  The  translation  is  reprinted 
in  BP  XI.  (1878)  pp.  99-104. 

Pater  Strassmaier  has  done  a  great  service  to  Letter,  as  well  as  to  other 
Assyrian,  literature,  in  his  Alphabetisches  Verzeichniss  der  Assyrischen  und  Akka- 
dischen  Worter,  etc.  (1886).  This  work  contains  much  material  from  the  Letters, 
chiefly  from  those  Letters  which  were,  at  that  time,  unpublished.  Some 
Letters  are  published  in  full,  e.  g.  K.  280  on  p.  813  sq.  Many  others  are  pub- 
lished in  part. 

Much  more  extensive  work  in  this  field  than  had  yet  been  done  was  under- 
taken by  S.  A.  Smith.  In  his  Keilschrifttexte  Asurbanipals  II.  (1887)  and  III. 
(1889)  many  Letters  are  found.^  They  are  given  in  the  text,  with  transliteration, 
translation  and  notes,  and  some  supplementary  notes  by  Pinches  and  Bezold. 

This  author  has  published  other  Letters,  following  the  same  plan  of  giving 
text,  transliteration,  translation  and  notes,  in  PSBA  IX.  (June  7,  1887)  pp. 
240-56;  X.  (Nov.  1,  1887)  pp.  60-72;  Jan.  10,  1888,  pp.  155-77,  and  April, 
1888,  pp.  305-15.8  These  articles  were  reprinted  and  published  under  the  title 
Assyrian  Letters,  Parts  I.-IV.  (1888). 


1  Vol.  3  contains  K.  1619b  and  K.  1630b,  (plate  16)  ;  vol.  4,  K.  84,  K.  13,  and  K.  647  (plate  53), 
K.  114,  K.  31,  and  K.  79  (plate  53),  K.  563,  K.  538,  K.  181,  and  48-7-30,  15  (plate  54).  In  the  new 
edition,  1891,  these  plates  are  nos.  45,  46,  and  47.  Vol.  5  has  K.  186,  K.  175,  K.  618,  K.  513  (plate  53). 
K-".  3.  2,  K.  613,  K.  678,  K.  537,  K.  630  (plate  54). 

2  These  are  K.  1139  (p.  108  sq.),  K.  313  (p.  189  sq.),  part  of  K.  599  (p.  196  sq.),  K.  13  (p.  197  sqq.), 
K.  10  (p.  248  sq.),  K.  359  (p.  253  sqq.),  K.  563  (p.  396  sqq.). 

3  Sm.  1034. 

4  These  are  K.  181,  K.  538,  K.  79  and  K.  14. 
s  Viz.  80-7-19,  25  and  80-7-19,  36. 

6  K.  31. 

•>  These  are  K.  538,  K.  513,  K.  563,  K.  604,  K.  476,  81-3-4,  57,  K.  95,  K.  486,  K.  509,  K.  312,  K.  359, 
K.  524,  S.  1064.  K.  824,  K.  11,  K.  549,  K.  183,  K.  487,  K.  535,  K.  578,  K.  646,  K.  550,  K.  1353[a],  K.  533, 
K.  1249,  S.  760,  K.  96,  K.  514,  K.  679,  K.  583,  K.  686,  K.  1339  and  K.  1113,  K.  669  and  K.  1139. 

8  These  are  K.  482,  K.  483,  S.  1034,  K.  82.  K.  83,  K.  691,  K.  21,  K.  80,  K.  81,  K.  89,  K.  478,  K.  481, 
K.  493,  K.  498,  K.  533,  K.  113,  K.  146,  K.  174,  K.  479,  K.  493,  K.  503,  K.  504,  K.  506,  K.  507,  K.  508, 
K.  511,  K.  526,  K.  154,  K.  523,  K.  572,  K.  1122,  80-7-19, 17,  R".  77.  Besides  these  the  text  without 
translation  is  given  of  S.  1046  and  83-7-4,  37,  the  last  being  a  contract  tablet. 


4  Hebraica. 

The  work  of  Smith  may  be  judged  from  different  points  of  view.  In  many  of 
the  Letters,  he  has  failed  to  grasp  the  central  idea,  and  many  of  his  explanations 
of  particular  words  are  unsatisfactory.  A  more  thoroughly  scientific  grasp  of  the 
language  would  have  led  to  better  results.  However,  considering  its  value  for 
the  study  of  the  Letter-literature,  much  may  be  said  in  its  praise.  The  fact  that 
the  texts  are  very  well  transcribed  is  in  itself  a  service  of  the  first  importance. 
Smith  has  made  a  great  deal  of  material  accessible  to  other  investigators,  and  he 
has  undoubtedly  stimulated  others,  who,  on  the  basis  of  his  results,  have  been 
able  to  reach  results  differing,  it  is  true,  from  his  but  more  satisfactory. 

In  ZA  II.  (1887)  pp.  58-68,  two  Letters^  are  published  by  C.  F.  Lehmann, 
under  the  title  Ziod  Erlasse  Asurhanabals.  These  have  text,  transliteration, 
translation  and  notes. 

Theo.  G.  Pinches,  in  his  Texts  in  the  Babylonian  Wedge-  Writing,  Part  I.,  has 
published  the  cuneiform  text  of  several  Letters.io 

In  the  publication  by  C.  Bezold  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Cuneiform  Tablets  of 
the  Kouyunjih  Collection  of  the  British  Museum,  I.  (1889),  II.  (1891),  III.  (1894),  a 
forward  step  is  to  be  noted.  These  volumes  greatly  facilitate  systematic  study 
of  the  texts,  which  is  indispensable  in  this  branch  of  Assyriology.  A  prelim- 
inary service  of  a  similar  character  had  been  rendered  by  his  Kurzgefasster  Ueber- 
blick  iiber  die  Babylonisch-Assyrische  Literatur. 

In  the  published  portion  of  his  Assyrisches  Worterbuch  (1887-),  Priedrich 
Delitzsch  has  given  extracts  from  many  Letters.  His  chief  work  upon  them, 
however,  is  found  in  Beitrdge  zur  Assyriologie,  I.,  1  (1889),  pp.  185-248, 1.,  2  (1890), 
pp.  613-631  and  II.,  1,  pp.  19-62.ii  These  are  published  without  the  text,  but 
with  transliteration,  translation  and  full  notes.  A  large  number  of  these  texts 
had  been  previously  treated  by  S.  A.  Smith,  but  the  results  here  obtained  mark  a 
great  advance  beyond  those  of  Smith.  The  work  of  Delitzsch  is  characterized 
by  an  acquaintance  with  the  literature  and  by  strict  adherence  to  grammatical 
and  lexicographical  principles. 

The  scientific  and  systematic  study  of  the  Assyrian  Letters  was  for  the  first 
time  made  possible  to  students  in  general  through  the  publication  of  The  Assyrian 
and  Babylonian  Letters  belonging  to  the  K.  Collection  of  the  British  Museum,  Part  I. 
(1892),  Part  II.  (1893),  by  Robert  Francis  Harper.  The  volumes  so  far  published, 
which  are  part  of  a  series,  give  the  texts  carefully  transcribed,  printed  in  type 
and  arranged  according  to  the  names  of  the  scribes.    Volume  I.  contains  124 


9  K.  95  and  67-4-2, 1. 

10  These  are  K.  647,  K.  10,  K.  823,  R-°.  215,  K.  828.  K.  831,  K.  915,  80-7-19, 19. 

11  These  articles  contain  K.  486.  K.  523.  K.  478,  K.  476,  K.  512,  K.  81,  K.  526,  K.  146,  81-2-4,  57. 
K.  493,  K.  498,  K.  522,  K.  572,  K.  483,  K.  604,  K.  618,  K.  95,  67-4-2, 1.  K.  509,  K.  82,  Sm.  1034,  K.  183, 
K.  601,  K.  666,  K.  583,  K.  492,  K.  482,  K.  167,  K.  11,  K.  691,  K.  507,  K.  669,  K.  479,  K.  1113,  K.  487, 
K.  649,  K.  550,  80-7-19,  26,  80-7-19,  25,  K.  525. 


The  Letters  of  the  W^  2.  Collection.  5 

and  volume  II.  99  tablets,  a  total  of  223  Letters.12  Volume  III.  of  this  series 
will  appear  about  October  1st,  1896. 

Two  Lettersi3  have  been  treated  by  C.  Johnston  in  The  Journal  of  the  American 
Oriental  Society,  XV.,  3  (Apr.  22, 1892)  pp.  311-16.  They  are  transliterated  and 
translated,  and  accompanied  by  a  few  notes.  There  is  also  a  note  on  one  of  them, 
K.  84,  by  the  same  author  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  Circulars  (June  1893) 
p.  108.  Another  Letter,  S.  1064,  is  translated  in  JHTJC  (July  1894)  p.  118  sq. 
Some  general  statements  about  the  epistolary  literature  are  given  by  him  in 
JHTJC  (July  1894)  p.  119  sq. 

Several  Letters  are  published  in  the  cuneiform  text  by  Hugo  Winckler  in 
Sammliing  von  Keilschrifttexten,  11. ,  1  (1893)  and  II.,  2  (1894).i4  These  contain 
many  mistakes  in  copying.  The  editor's  excuse  in  the  preface  of  the  last  part  to 
the  effect  that  he  had  compared  his  copies  with  the  original  text  but  once,  is  an 
aggravation  of  the  offense,  for  it  is  well  nigh  unpardonable  for  a  man  to  publish 
such  texts  without  taking  every  precaution  to  insure  their  correctness. 

A  few  other  miscellaneous  references  may  be  grouped  together  here.  J. 
Menant,  in  his  Manuel  de  la  Langue  Assyrienne  (1880),  has  published  K.  562.  Part 
of  K.  154  is  published  with  transliteration,  translation  and  notes,  by  H.  F.  Talbot 
in  TSBA  I.,  16sqq.,  352  sq.  Extracts  from  K.  177  are  published  by  Lenormant 
in  Essai  sur  un  document  mathematique,  p.  74.  A  translation  of  K.  562  is  given  by 
Delitzsch  in  Wo  lag  das  Paradies  ?  302  sq.  Part  of  K.  605  is  published  with 
transliteration  and  translation  by  Pinches  in  PSBA,  V.,  28.     A  transliteration 


u  These  are  K.  11,  K.  14,  K.  21,  K.  63b,  K.  80,  K.  83,  K.  89,  K.  113,  K.  113,  K.  117,  K.  133,  K.  135, 
K.  146,  K.  167,  K.  174,  K.  175,  K.  181,  K.  183,  K.  185,  K.  186,  K.  194,  K.  466,  K.  467,  K.  468,  K.  469, 
K.  473,  K.  476,  K.  481,  K.  483,  K.  483,  K.  485,  K.  487,  K.  488,  K.  490,  K.  49],  K.  493,  K.  494,  K.  495. 
K.  497,  K.  499,  K.  501,  K.  503,  K.  504,  K.  505,  K.  507,  K.  511,  K.  513,  K.  515,  K.  518,  K.  519,  K.  530, 
K.  533,  K.  537,  K.  539,  K.  530,  K.  533,  K.  537,  K.  538,  K.  539,  K.  540,  K.  541,  K.  543,  K,  546,  K.  547, 
K.  549,  K.  550,  K.  551,  K.  553,  K.  554,  K.  555,  K.  558,  K.  561,  K.  565,  K.  568,  K.  569,  K.  573,  K.  573, 
K.  574,  K.  575,  K.  576,  K.  577,  K.  583,  K.  583,  K.  584,  K.  589,  K.  591.  K.  594,  K.  595,  K.  596,  K.  598, 
K.  601,  K.  603,  K.  604,  K.  606,  K.  609,  K.  613,  K.  613,  K.  614,  K.  616,  K.  617,  K.  618,  K.  619,  K.  620, 
K.  623,  K.  634,  K.  625,  K.  626,  K.  637,  K.  629,  K.  631,  K.  636,  K.  639,  K.  641,  K.  643,  K.  643,  K.  647, 
K.  649,  K.  650,  K.  653,  K.  653,  K.  655,  K.  656,  K.  657,  K.  660,  K.  663,  K.  664,  K.  665,  K.  666,  K.  679, 
K.  683,  K.  686,  K.  687,  K.  690,  K.  691,  K.  831,  K.  903,  K.  910,  K.  939a,  K.  970,  K.  979,  K.  981,  K.  983, 
K.  991,  K.  997,  K.  1000,  K.  1013,  K.  1017,  K.  1019,  K.  1033,  K.  1034,  K.  1035,  K.  1036,  K.  1033,  K.  1033, 
K.  1037,  K.  1039,  K.  1040,  K.  1041,  K.  1047,  K.  1048,  K.  1049,  K.  1050,  K.  1053,  K.  1053,  K.  1057,  K.  1058, 
K.  1060,  K.  1063,  K.  1067,  K.  1069,  K.  1070,  K.  1080,  K.  1083,  K.  1087,  K.  1101  and  K.  1331,  K.  1113  and 
K.  1329,  K.  1147  and  K.  1947,  K.  1151,  K.  1168,  K.  1170,  K.  1187,  K.  1189,  K.  1195,  K.  1197,  K.  1199, 
K.  1200,  K.  1204,  K.  1205,  K.  1209,  K.  1234,  K.  1235,  K.  1239,  K.  1242,  K.  1343,  K.  1267,  K.  1270,  K.  1373, 
K.  1274,  K.  1396,  K.  1410,  K.  1418,  K.  1438,  K.  1461,  K.  1540,  K.  1896,  K.  1907,  K.  3,909,  K.  4381,  K.  4304, 
K.  4703,  K.  4704,  K.  4770,  K.  4780,  K.  5344b,  K.  5458,  K.  5464,  K.  5465,  K.  5466,  K.  5509,  K.  5531,  K.  7436, 
K.  7434,  K.  7493. 

13  K.  828  and  K.  84. 

u  These  are  K.  1106,  K.  1355,  K.  5464,  K.  2701a,  K.  333,  K.  1067,  K.  1080,  K.  176,  K.  5425[a],  K.  113, 
K.  1037,  K.  3889,  K.  135,  K.  1107,  K.  1621b,  K.  1118,  K.  1374,  K.  1459,  K.  1541,  K.  1542,  K.  1904,  K.  1610, 
K.  17,  K.  168,  K.  1550,  K.  1580,  K.  1387,  K.  97,  K.  1199,  K.  4287,  K.  4303,  K.  1174,  K.  1347,  K.  94,  K.  1196, 
K.  1066,  K.  1238,  K.  1310,  K.  4683,  K.  4724,  K.  1197  [1187],  K.  1062,  K.  1203,  K.  1201,  K.  1146,  K.  1347, 
K.  1366,  K.  63b,  K.  844,  K.  1239,  K.  4757,  K.  1374,  K.  4785,  K.  5461,  K.  5333b,  K.  87,  K.  1164,  K.  5457, 
K.  2645,  K.  4779,  K.  4670,  K.  1263,  K.  1250,  K.  830,  1895,  K.  1176,  K.  1271.  K.  1265,  K.  894,  K.  1335, 
K.  1077,  K.  896,  K.  1269,  K.  1065.  K.  4776,  K.  5473,  K.  4775,  K.  5483,  K.  1880,  K.  1881,  K.  4787,  K.  4793, 
K.  5594,  K.  5585,  K.  5550  and  K.  5641,  K.  5500. 


6  Hebraica. 

and  translation  of  K.  1619b  is  given  by  Sayce  in  Babylonian  Literature,  p.  78, 
and  by  Amiaud  in  Babylonian  and  Oriental  Record,  II.,  197  sqq.  The  text  of  K. 
1620b  with  transliteration  and  translation  has  been  published  by  Budge,  His- 
tory of  Esarhaddon,  14  sq. 

The  cuneiform  text  of  the  Letters  here  considered  was  published  by  Robert 
Francis  Harper  in  ZA,  VIII.  (1893)  pp.  341-59. 

The  best  information  obtainable  places  the  number  of  Letter  tablets  in  the 
British  Museum  at  over  one  thousand,  of  which  less  than  half  have  been  pub- 
lished. Their  diflSculty  has  often  been  emphasized.  Undoubtedly  the  short  notes 
containing  accounts  of  the  transportation  of  horses  and  other  animals  present 
the  least  difficulty.  Military  reports  are  deciphered  Mdth  considerable  ease,  while 
the  Letters  upon  astrological  subjects  are  most  difficult.  In  fact,  they  are  often 
quite  unintelligible.  A  few  are  dated,  but  only  with  the  month  and  day,  so 
that  they  give  no  help  in  determining  the  date  of  composition.  How  the  date,  in 
such  cases,  may  be  determined,  however,  Bezold  has  shown  in  Die  Tliontafel- 
sammlungen  des  British  Museum  (1888),  p.  14  sqq.  The  method  suggested  by  him 
will  be  increasingly  successful  as  the  decipherment  progresses. 

There  is  no  section  of  Assyrian  literature  which  requires  more  patient, 
systematic  and  well  directed  labor  for  the  solution  of  its  problems.  But  it  is  not 
too  much  to  expect  that  ultimately  these  Letter  tablets,  on  account  of  their 
number,  the  variety  of  their  contents,  and  the  light  which  they  throw  upon  the 
everyday  side  of  life,  will  contribute  much  material  of  great  value  for  the  real 
history  of  Assyria  and  Babylonia. 

Most  of  those  who  have  written  upon  the  Letters  have  attempted  to  give  a 
complete  translation  in  each  case.  It  must  be  confessed,  however,  that  these 
attempts  have  not  been  particularly  successful.  The  difficulty  of  many  of  the 
Letters  is  such  that  to  attempt  a  connected  translation  in  our  present  state  of 
knowledge  is  almost  a  waste  of  time.  I  have,  therefore,  in  the  following  pages 
deemed  it  best,  not  to  give  translations,  but  rather  a  complete  glossary,  follow- 
ing in  this  the  example  of  Bezold  in  his  Oriental  Diplomacy. 

To  my  teacher.  Professor  Robert  Francis  Harper,  I  am  greatly  indebted  for 
valuable  suggestions  and  help  in  my  study  of  these  texts.  For  the  conclusions 
reached,  however,  I  alone  am  responsible. 


TRANSLITERATION. 
RM  2,  1. 

OBVERSE. 

1  A-na  sarri  beli-ia  2  ardu-ka  ^^  ""^  Samas-bel-usur  3  lu  sul-mu  a-na  sarri 
beli-ia  4  in  a  muhhi  ka-li-ia  sa  sarru  be-ili  5  istu  ^  aiu  Arba-ilu-a-a  is-pur- 
an-ni     6  ma  a-ta-a  ka-li-ia-u    la-su     7    ki-i  istu    ^  iSdi-harrani  ameiu  mutir 


The  Letters  of  the  B,^   2.  Collection.  7 

pu-te  8  i-li-kan-a-ni  a-na  *>•'"  Ur-zu-hi-na  9  i-[na]  pa-na-tu-su-nu  II  imeru  ku-din 
10  ina  sapli  ™  Isid-harrani  ar-ta-kas  11  ina  *1"  Arrapha  i-sa-bat  II  imeru  ku- 
din      12   ina   §apli   m  Arba-ilu-a-a    ir-ta-kas     13   a-na    ^^^^  Ma-sa-mu    i-ta-lak 

14  §arru  be-ili  ar ma-la     15  u-ru-u   sa  [imeru  ina]  ^'^  Dur-ta-li-ti     16 

u-ru-u  sa  imgru  ku-din  ina  «'"  Ta-ga-la-gi  17  u-sa-zi-zu-u-ni  18  istu  ^lu  Ur-zu- 
hi-na  i-tu-si  19  II  imeru  ku-din  ina  sapli-su  ka-li-ia-u  20  a-na  ka-li-e  a-di 
^^^  A-ra-ak-di  21  ki-i  u-ma-a  i-li-kan-a-ni  22  bid  sarru  be-ili  is-pur-su-u-ni 
23  a-na-ku  ina  ai"  Ur-zu-hi-na    24  II  imeru  ku-din  ina  sap[li]    25  ar-ta-kas. 

REVERSE. 
1  a-di   aiu  Dur-ta-[li-ti]     2   3  

4  sarru  be-ili  u-da  5  ki-i  ^^^  Ar-zu-hi-na  6  ina  libbi  i?"  pi-lu-ur-te  7  ka- 
ri-ru-u-ni  mar-di-tu  8  istu  ^^^  Ur-zu-hi-na  a-di  9  ^i"  A-ra-ak-di  a-na  u-ma- 
me  10  ta-da-in  sarru  be-ili-  11  a  te-mu  si-kun  12  ka-li-ia-u  13  ina  ^^^  Dur-' 
atanaP^-te  14  lu-sa-zi-zu  a-hi-ia-si  15  nu-ti-in  ina  mu^ihi  am8lu  zammereP^- 
16  sa  sarru  be-ili  is-pur-an-ni  17  ma-a  ina  muhhi  amelu  maraP^-ni  18  sa  amelu 
rab-SE-SA  ina  matu  Ba-bi-ti  19  i-tu-uk-tu  a-sa-al  20  u-ta-si-si  me-me-[ni] 
la-su  21  u  la  ni-is-me  sarru  be-ili  22  i-sap-ra  ma-a  sum-ma  amelu  zammereP^- 
23  ba  tu-sa-bit  ma-a  lu  tu-da  24  ki-i  ap-ta  tu-sal-lum-ni  25  ameiu  pa-ri-su-u-te 
26  sa  aiu   Arrapha     27  sa  bit  amelu    nagir  ekalli     28   up-ta-at-hu-ru   ina  libbi 

sum-sa  ku-bu   u-ma    29   u-si-li   i-na-sur  sum-ma  u-sa-bit-u-ni    30 

u-bal-u-ni-su-nu  a-nu-sim  amelu  zammereP^-  sa  bit  amelu    31  sa  ka-an- 

ni   alu  Ur-zu-hi-na   sarru  be-ili   ina   pan   sarri  beli-[ia] 

RM  2,  2. 

OBVERSE. 

1  Duppu  ™  Gril-sa-na  2  a-na  amelu  nagir  biti  3  lu  sul-mu  a-na-ka  4  sa 
tas-pur-an-ni  5  ma-a  sar  matu  Akkad-a-a  6  a-di  amglu  e-muk-ki-su  7  kar- 
ka-te-e  i-lak  8  ma-a  a-a-ka  u-sab  9  amelu  \,^\  pihati  sa  aiu  U-a-si  10  amglu 
bel  pihati  sa  ka-ni  matu  U-ka-a-a  11  i-tal-ku-u-ni  dul-lu  12  ina  asirti  e-pu-su 
13  i-da-bu-ub  ma-a  sarru  14  i-lak  ina  alu  U-a-si  u-sab  15  ma-a  amelu  ^g] 
pirate  Pi-  uh-hu-ru     16  i-la-ku-u-ni 

REVERSE. 

1  ina  alu  Mu-sa-sir    2  dul-lu   e-pu-su    3  sa  tas-pur-an-ni    4  ma-a  sa  la  pi-i 

5  sa  sarri  me-me-ni  6  it-[ti]-su  ina  dul-li  7  lu  la  u-ba-la  8  ki-i  sar  matu 
Assur  (ki)  9  i-lik-an-ni  ak-tal-su-u  10  sa  e-pu-su-ni  e-tap-sa  11  u  an-ni-u 
a-ki-e    12  kil-la-su. 

RM  2,  3. 
OBVERSE. 

1  A-na  sarri  b[e-ili-ia]  2  ardu-ka  m  Asur-ri-su-a  3  lu  sul-mu  a-na  Sarri 
be-ili-ia    4  3000  amglu  sabePl-   sepaP'-     5   amelu  §a-nu-te   amSlu   rab-sabre  P^-    6 


(   l/NIVEk 


8  Hebraica. 

sa  ™  Si-e-ti-ni  ameiu  bgj  pih^ti  7  sa  pu-tu  ellu  a-na  ^lu  Mu-sa-sir  8  u-ta- 
me-su  i^'^ru  ME  9  e-tab-ru  iJ^eru  a-sap-pu-su  10  se  ma-la  sa  °i  Si-e- 
ti-ni     11  ina  pa-ni-su   su-u     12  sa  ™  Su-na-a     13  amelu  \,^\   pihati. 

REVERSE. 
1  sa  pu-ut  matu  U-ka-a-a    2  amelu  g^be  P^-  -su    3  u-ta-mi-su-ma    4  a-na   alu 
Mu-sa-sir    5  a-si-me  ma-a  sarru    6  ina  libbi  ^'^  U-e-si    7  il-lak  u-di-na    8  la 
u-nam-mas. 

RM  2,  4. 

OBVERSE. 

1  A-na  sarri  beli-ia  2  ardu-ka  ™  Sam-hu  i^"  Sa-mas  3  lu-u  sul-mu  4  a-na 
sarri  beli-ia  5  ina  mu^hi  amelu  gakan-massarti  6  sa  istu  ameiu  da-gil-issure  t>^- 
7  sa  sarru  be-ili  8  is-pur-an-ni  9  ma-a  ina  pani-ka  10  lu-uk-ta-ti-ni  11  ma-a 
mi-i-nu  12  sa  istu  pan  amelu  da-gil-issure  P^-  13  i-su-u-ni  14  lu-u-sa-hi-ri  15 
[l]id-din 

REVERSE. 

1  a-sa-'a-la    2  u-ta-si    3  me-me-ni 4  istu  pa-ni-su-nu    5  la  i si-i 

6   ina  muhhi pu-na     7   u-ma-a   a-ki   sa    sarru     8    beli   ik-bu-u-ni    9   amglu 

sakan-massarti  ur-ki-ia-u  10  ina  pani-su-nu  11  ak-ta-la  12  am-me-ia-u  13 
a-na  massarti-su    14  i-ta-ta-ka 

RM  2,  5. 

OBVERSE. 

1  A-na  sarri  beli-a  2  ardu-ka  ^  A-bit-sar-usur  3  lu  sul-mu  a-na  sarri 
beli-a  4  ina  muhhi  ™  ii"  Nabu-er-es  5  ameiu  Kal-da-a-a  6  sa  sarru  be-ili 
is-pur-an-ni  7  ma-a  sap-li  ka-ti  8  ma-sar-tu-su  us-su-ru  9  istu  mar  sarru  be- 
ili     10  is-pur-an-ni     11  a-sa-par  ma-sar-tu-su     12  sap-la  ka-ti     13  it-ta-as-ru. 

REVERSE. 

1  U-ma-a  2  an-nu-ri  3  u-tam-me-sa  4  il-la-ka  5  ma-a  a-na  sul-me  6  ina 
ekalli  al-lak 

RM  2,  6. 

OBVERSE. 

1  A-na  sarri  beli-ia  2  ardu-ka  ^  Istar-sum-er-es  3  lu  sul-mu  a-na  sarri 
beli-ia  4  ^^^  Nabu  u  ii^  Marduk  5  a-na  sarri  beli-ia  lik-ru-bu  6  sa  sarru 
be-li  is-pur-an-ni  7  ma-a  u-la  ina  bi-rit  pu-ri-di  8  a-me-li  e-ti-ik  9  ina 
muhhi  sa  sap-la  i?'^  narkabti-e    10    tu-su-u-ni  ina  muh-hi-su     11    sarru    be-li 

i-kab-[bi]    12  ma-a  pu-ri-di    13  pu-ri-di  ki-ma   

14  sa  amglu  u   15   su-u   bi-r[it]    16  is- 

[su]-ri  ma(?) 17  u 18  


The  Letters  of  the  E^  2.  Collection.  9 

REVERSE. 

1  a-na  it-ti 2  nu-ka-al   su-u  an 3  istu   KAT    a-na 

kan    4  sap-la  i?"  narkabti  it 5  sa  pu-ri-di 6  sa  sarru 

be-li  [ik-bu-u-ni]    7  an-ni-u  pi 8  ™  Ji"  Beltu-kab-din  ina  bi 

9  kitridu   amelu  e 10   lu-u   kissat  ili   lu-u   kissat  sarri   mat- 

su  11  a-hu-lam-ma  amSlu  As-da(?)-a-a-ti  12  ni-ik-bi  a-ta-a  13  la  sarrani  P^- 
nak-ru-ti-su-nu     14  sap-la  i?^  mu-gir-ri     15  sa  sarri  beli-ia     16  la  i-ka-an-nu-su 

RM  2,  7. 

1   A-na  sarri   [beli-ia]    2   ardu-ka   ™  Sar    3   lu  sul-mu  a-na   sarri 

be-[ili-ia]    4  ^  Bab-ba-ni  am§iu  [mutir  pu-te]     5  70  sabe  pi-  tabe  Pi-  

6  ^^^^  Akkadi  (ki)   a 7  na-sa  ina   aiu g   us-se-si  

9  u  sabe  Pi- 10  id-da-ab  ma^u    n  ma-a  u 12  istu  pa-ni  

13  ih-ri 

RM  2,  8. 

OBVERSE. 

1  A-na  sarri  be-ili-ia  2  ardu-ka  ™  **"  Nabu-sum-iddina  3  lu  sul-mu  a-na 
sarri  be-ili-ia  4  a-dan-nis  a-dan-nis  o  i'^  Nabu  ^^^  Marduk  6  a-na  sarri  be- 
ili-ia  lik-ru-bu  7  ii"  Bg]  ilu  J^abu  ii«i  Nergal  8  nu-[um-mur]  sa  sarri  9  be- 
ili-[ia]   li-is-su-ru     10  [sar-ru]-u-tu   sa   sarri      11  [be-ili-ia  ana  100]  sanati  Pl-     12 

[a-na  sarri  be-ili-ia]  lu-ki-in-nu     13 ki-e-ni   at-ta     14    nu   sar- 

ru-u-tu  15  a-na  li-pi-i-ka  16  a-na  zi-ri-ka  17  a-na  sa-at  ume  18  [lid-di]-nu 
19  bit-hal-li 

REVERSE. 

1  sap-pa    2  bit-hal-li    3  [istu   aiu  D]ur-Sar-ukin    4  

umu  an-ni-u  5  e-tar-bu-u-ni  6  mu-su  an-ni[-u  e]-pu-su  7  sa  ti-[ma]-a-li  8 
sisePi-  as-si-kal  9  a-na  mi-i-ni  ka-a-a-ma-ni-u  10  sise  Pi-  sa  sarri  u-sa-ad-la-ab 
11  sum-ma  sarru  be-ili  i-kab-bi    12  sise  P^-  la-as-kal     13  mi-i-nu  sa  sarru  be-ili 

14  i-§ap-par-an-ni    15  umi  23 

RM  2,  11. 

OBVERSE. 
[Several  lines  broken  away.] 

1  sa   sarru  be-ili 2  ma-a  su-pur  li 3  lu-u-bi-lu-ni-su 

a-sa-[al]    4  ina  ™^^^  Bar-hal-sa  up-ta-si 5  la-a-su   la-a   e-mu-ru-su    6  a-na 

al^  Mu-ti-an-ni  7  ina  libbi  ali-su  it-tal-ka  8  la-a-as-su  9  ahu-su  su-u-tu  10 
e-du-ma-nu   ina   lib-bi 


10  Hebraica. 

REVERSE. 

1  kam-mu-su  i-sab-tu     2  na-su-ni-su  a-sa-al-su     3  nu-uk  a^u-ka  a-li-e     4 

ma-a  la   il-li-kam-ma    ina  muh-hi-a    5   an-nu-sim sarri   beli-a    6   u-si- 

bi    7  u  a™§i"  ma 8  ina  muhhi  m  Di 

[Several  lines  broken  away.] 

RM  2,  458. 

OBVERSE. 

1  A-na  sarri  beli-ia  2  ardu-ka  ^  Tabu-sil-Esarra  3  sul-mu  a-na  Esarra 
(ki)  4  sul-mu  a-na  ekurrate  5  sul-mu  a-na  ^l"  Assur  6  sul-mu  a-na  matu  ^§. 
sur  (ki)  7  lu  sul-mu  a-na  sarri  beli-ia  8  Asur  i^^  Beltu  a-na  Sarri  beli-ia 
9  lik-ru-bu   ina   muhhi   i?^gusureP^-     10  sa   sarru   is-pur-an-ni 

[Several  lines  broken  away.] 

REVERSE. 
[Several  lines  broken  away.] 

1  2  a-dan-nis    3 u-ma-ni-e    4  ma-a-du  i?"  gug^^j-g  pi. 

5  lib-bu  sa  sarri beli-ia    6  lu-u  tab 

RM  2,  459. 

1  [A-na]  sarri  beli-i[a]    2  [ardu]-ka  ™  Tabu-sil-E[sarra]    3  [l]u   sul-mu  a-na 

sarri  beli-[ia]      4   Asur   i^"  Beltu   a-na  sarri   b[eli-ia]      5    lik-ru-bu   ina    muhhi 

isu  [gusure  P'-]     6  sa  sarru  be-ili  is-pur-a[n-ni]    7  ma-a  su-pur  lis-da-du 

8  a-du  la-a  sarru  be-ili 9  u-ta-si 

[Several  lines  broken  away.] 

RM  2,  462. 

1  [A-na  sarri  beli-a]  2  ardu-ka  °iAsur-dur-pa-ni-[a]  3  lu-u  sul-mu 
a-na  sarri  beli-a     4  istu  muhhi  ^  Abu-ul-i-di    5  ameiu  mutir  pu-te  ™^t"  Kal- 

da-a-a    6  sa  sarru  beli  is-pur-an-ni    7  ma-[a]    su 

[Several  lines  broken  away.] 

RM  2,  463. 

1  A-na  sarri  be-ili-ia  2  ardu-ka  ™  Samas-emur-an-ni  3  lu-u  sul-mu  a-na 
sarri  beli-ia  4  sul-mu  a-na  ^^^  Hal-su  5  sa  sarru  be-ili  is-pur-an-ni  6  ma-a 
50  ameiu  Kur-ra-a-a     7  50  amsiu  I-tu-'-a-a     8   ina  a'u  Sa-ba-ha-ni     9    sup-ru 

a-sap-ra    10  ameiu  ^ahe  Pi-  sa  ameiu  rab-bi-lul    11   sa  ina  libbi    12  la 

i 13  la-u    14  [m]i-nu    15  be-ili    16  lis 

pa-r[u] 


Tke  Letters  of  the  E**  2.  Collection.  U 

RM  2,  464. 

OBVERSE. 
[Several  lines  broken  away.] 

1  2  ina  umi    18  t^a^]    ga 3  al"  Kar-™  gar- 

ukia 4  a-na  massarati  p^-  gab 5  sul-mu  am§iu  }jazan[ate]    6  sa 

bat-ti-bat-ti-e-a  sul-mu 7  i-sa-al-lu  ina  muhhi  te-e-[mu]     8  sa  ™  Lu- 

tu-u  su-u-tu  9  ™  As-pa-ba-ra  ina  ^^^  Ha-ri-pa  10  ka-ra-bu  i-sa-ha  ia-si  11 
u-pu-su  ameiu  sahe  P^-  sa  a-ha-ia-si  12  i-du-u-ku  ina  muh^i  ™  Up-pi-te  13 
am§lu  ^azanu  sa  ^lu  XJr-ia-ku  14  sa  pa-tu-u-ni  15  sa  a-na  sarri  beli-a  16 
a-ka-bu-u-ni 

REVERSE. 

1  ki-i  a-na-ku  ina  pa-ni-t[u-su]  2  al-lik-an-ni  su-u-tu  3  a-na  mStu  gg,- 
ma§-da  ih-tal-ka  4  ^  ii^  Nabu-lal-an-ni  ameiu  NA  5  sa  sarru  i-si-mi  su-u-tu 
6  °i  U-ak-sa-tar  i-sa-ap-ru  7  is-sab-tu-ni-su  4  am§iu  maraniP^-su  8  is-si-e-su 
ina  libbi  umu     9    sa  a-na-ku  a-na    alu  Kar-"^  Sar-ukin      10    e-ru-bu-u-ni    ina 

mulihi  ™  Ra-ma i    11   a-sa-ap-ra  sum-ku-un  12  se-bi-la  ki-ma  is- 

sa 13  na-su-u-ni  a-na 

[Several  lines  broken  away.] 


NOTES. 
RM  2,  1. 

Obverse  1.  4. — The  sign  muh  may  be  read  either  eli  or  muhhi.  It  is 
usually  read  e  1  i  except  where  a  phonetic  complement  makes  this  impossible.  I 
think  in  the  letters  that  it  should  everywhere  be  read  muhhi.  The  reason  is, 
that  it  is  frequently  found  written  m  u  h  -  Ij  i ,  both  by  itself  and  before  pronominal 
suffixes.i  It  may  be  a  question  whether  we  have  here  syllabic  writing,  or  an 
ideogram  and  phonetic  complement.  So  far  as  I  know,  it  is  never  written  with  any 
other  phonetic  complement  which  would  indicate  the  reading  eli;  nor  is  e  1  i 
found  written  syllabically  in  the  letters,  k  a  -1  i  -  i  a  occurs  in  this  letter  in  two 
other  forms,  ka-li-e,  1.  20,  and  the  fullest  form,  ka-Ii-ia-u,  Is.  6,  19,  rev.  12. 
u  at  the  end  can  not  be  a  separate  word,  cf .  1.  19,  A  word  k  a  1  n=priest,  is  given 
by  Zimmern,  BB.  (p.  28,  note  2),  which  is  not  suitable  here.  Delitzsch,  Heb.  Lang. 
p.  25,  gives  the  word  kalil,  vessel  synonym  of  unutu,  Hebrew  ♦'^3 ,  without 


1  For  muh-hi,  by  itself,  cf.  K.  503:11,  K.  981:  rev.  6,LK.3i;  K.  493:5,  LK.3;  Sm.  1034:7, 
BAS.,1.,  3,  p.  614;  K.  1025 -A,  LK.  159;  K.  505 : 6,  Z-BT.  166 ;  K.  575:  rev.  10,  LK.  177;  K.  1058:  4, 
LK.  183;  K.  1000:5,  LK.  188;  K.  332:  rev.  21,  LK.  333;  K.  1034:  rev.  7,  LK.  38;  K.  1304, 
rev.  4, 1/iT.  29;  K.  174:  rev.  9,  LK.53;  K.  687:13,  LK.  57.  For  muh-hi-ia,  cf .  K.  507:13,  LK. 
88;  K.  526:10.  K.  498:6,  K.  503:5,  LK.  125;  K.  686:6,  8,  I/BT.  173;  K.  663:  15,  LK.  311  (a  peculiar 
form);  R-^.  3,  11:  rev.  4  (muh-hi-a);  K.  5466:  rev.  8,  LK.  99.  For  muh-hi-su,  R"".  3,  6:10, 
K.  530:10, 15, 1/K".  158.     For  muh-hi-su-nu  ,  cf.  K.  583:30, 1/JST.  167;    K.  679:  rev.  10,  JLfi".  313. 

*5 


12  Hebraica. 

examples.  In  his  Handworterbuch  he  omits  kalu,  giving  only  kalutu  in  this 
sense.  I  accept  Delitzsch's  derivation  here,  giving  a  broad  meaning,  as  in 
Hebrew.  The  general  meaning,  preparation  for  war,  or  for  march,  is  very  appro- 
priate here.  For  a  similar  meaning  in  Hebrew,  of.  Jer.  46:19.  One  may  take 
i  a  -  u  as  equivalent  to  i  u ,  ^  which  might  have  been  still  further  contracted  to 
kalu.  The  other  forms  of  the  word  then  give  no  diflSculty;  ka-li-ia  is  the 
accusative,  k  a  -  li  -  e  the  genitive. 

1.  5.  It  is  interesting  to  note  the  separation  between  the  wedges  of  the  first 
character.    It  is  undoubtedly  to  be  read  i  §  t  u . 

1.  6.  The  character  a  is  intended  to  do  double  duty.  The  scribe  meant  to 
say  ma- a  a-ta-a.  Such  things  are  common  in  the  letters.^  la-su.  The  form  is 
1  a s u-  This  is  the  usual  form  in  the  letters ,  contracted  from  la  isi,  or  la  isu 
of  the  historical  inscriptions,  la  isi  uncoatrac ted  occurs  rarely  in  the  letters.* 
On  the  other  hand,  lasu  sometimes  occurs  in  the  historical  inscriptions. ^  The 
writing  in  the  letters  varies  much.6 

1.  7.  mutir  pu-te — The  meaning  and  various  writings  of  this  word  have 
been  discussed  by  Delitzsch.'^ 

1.8.  i-li-kan-a-ni.  A  peculiar  writing=ilikani ;  cf.  also  1.  21  below. 
Like  tab-rat-a-ti,  cf.  BQ.,  §  23  note.  IT r z u h i n a .— Delitzsch §  correctly 
identifies  this  form  with  the  more  common  A  r  z  u  ^  i  n  a .  It  is  interesting  to  note 
it  in  this  letter  as  the  usual  form,  occurring  here  and  in  Is.  18,  23,  and  rev.  8,  81, 
while  Arzuljina  occurs  once,  in  rev.  5. 

1.9.  It  seems  evident  that  na  is  simply  omitted  by  the  scribe.  There  is 
no  break  in  the  text.    Such  omissions  are  not  uncommon  in  the  letters. 

1. 9,  imgru  k u - di n .  For  the  reading  and  meaning  of  this  word,  cf .  Zehn- 
pfund,  BAS.,  I,  2,  p.  505,  note,  where  references  to  other  passages  are  given. 

1.11.  i-sa-bat  must  be  taken  as  a  Pres.  This  fact  shows  that  the  par- 
allel i-ta-lak,  1.  13,  is  probably  to  be  considered  a  Pres.,  although  the  Pret. 
has  the  same  form. 

1.  14.  The  most  probable  conjecture  for  the  break  would  be  u  -  d  a ,  which 
is  often  found  in  places  like  this,  cf .  rev.  4.  But  that  does  not  suit  the  portion 
which  is  legible. 

1.  15.  The  break  does  not  seem  sufficiently  large  for  any  more  than  I  have 
supplied.    Dur-Ta-li-ti  =  wall  of  nativity,  an  interesting  name  for  a  city. 


2  For  a  similar  form  cf.  lu-sar-bi-ia-u,  K.  575:  7,  LK.  177,  the  usual  form  of  which  is 
lu-sar-bl-u,  K.  510:12,  JLJS:.  113;  K.53S:13,  LK.  114,  etc. 

3  Cf.  K.  490:7,  LK.  18,  ma-a-na  =  ma-a  a-na. 
*  Cf.  R".  2,  4:  rev.  5. 

6Cf.  la-as-su,   TP.  7:25. 

«The  most  frequent  writing  is  la-as-su;  K.  183:  rev.  17,  LE".  2 ;  K.  186:  rev.  17,  LK.  322; 
K.  522:13,  LK.  31;  K.  657:  9,  I/ET.  102;  K.  903:  rev.  4,  LK.  124;  K.  491:9,  LK.  122,  etc.  Also 
la-a-as-su,  R-".  2, 11:8;  la-a-su,  R"".  2, 11:5;  for  la-su,  cf.  also  rev.  20  below. 

T  Cf.  BAS.,  1. 1.  p.  203. 

8  BAS.,  1. 1.  pp.  206-7. 


The  Letters  of  the  K^'  2.  Collection.  13 

1,19.    ka-li-ia-u  a-na  ka-li-e  means  evidently,  provision  in  abundance.^ 

1. 22.  bid.  Occurs  frequently  in  the  letters  and  is  practically  equivalent  to 
ki,  as,  when,  cf.  BAS.,  I.,  1.  p.  205-6. 

Eeverse  1.  7. — k  a r  i  r  u  n  i,  Perm,  from  "T^^.  This  root  occurs  several  times, 
chiefly  in  the  letters.io  S.  A.  Smith,  PSBA.,  1886-7,  p.  246,  gives  the  meaning 
repair.  Delitzsch  BAS.,  I.,  2,  p.  616,  gives  einreissen,  niederreissen.  Neither  suits 
all  the  passages.  Here  the  word  seems  to  have  a  passive  meaning,  is  situated.  Its 
subject  apparently  is  Arzu^ina. 

1.7.  mar-di-tu.  A  good  ^-formation  with  fem.  ending  from  n"11  ? 
to  tread,  march,  exactly  like  m  ar  s i  t  u ,  possession,  etc.  It  would  then  seem  that 
it  should  mean  either  march,  or  way,  road.    1  prefer  the  latter. 

1.  9.    u  -  m  a  -  m  e ,  wild  beasts,  furnishes  a  key  to  the  thought  here. 

1.  10.  ta-da-in.  If  this  were  tudain,  it  would  suggest  a  II.  1.  form 
from  a  root  pi,  or  pi,  cf.  the  common  form  uka'in,  but  this  form  would 
naturally  be  I.  1.  The  root  is  perhaps  ?U,  nadanu,  to  give.  The  form 
da- in  is  then  for  din,  a  form  comparatively  common  in  the  letters.  It  can 
hardly  be  called  an  irregularity ;  it  is  more  correct  to  say  that  the  letters  do  not 
demand  that  a  vowel  be  always  followed  by  the  same  vowel.  For  a  noun, 
tada,n\i=gift,  cf.  BAS.,  I.,  1,  p.  232.  Note  the  very  unusual  division  of  a  word 
at  the  end  of  a  line. 

1.  11.  si-kun.  I  am  disposed  to  regard  this  as  a  Perm,  from  sakanu. 
It  is  a  bad  form,  but  it  is  not  without  analogy .n 

1. 17.  We  see  here  an  extension  of  the  use  of  determinatives  beyond  that 
found  in  the  historical  inscriptions,  but  precisely  similar  to  that  found  in  the 
Tel  el-Amama  tablets.    Other  examples  may  be  given.i2 

1.  18.    cf.  Asurnasirpal,  2:33,  34. 

1.  20.  u-ta -si-si  from  J^^")  II.,  2  might  possibly  be  taken  as  a  quadrilit- 
eral  formed  by  reduplication  of  the  last  radical,  cf.  DO.,  §  117,  2)  a).  It  is  better, 
however,  to  regard  it  as  a  simple  repetition  of  the  last  sign  by  the  scribe. 


»  For  a  similar  expression,  cf.  sepu  ana  sepi,  K.  14,  rev.  13,  i^.  42. 

"The  passages  known  to  me  are  these,  ka-ri-ru-u-ni,  K.  5466:  rev.  8,  X.K'. 99;  karru 
Ep.Y,788;  ka-ra-ri,  K.  494:5,  LK.19;  Sm.  1034:12;  li-ik-ru-ur,  Sm.  1034:18;  li-ik-ru-ra, 
K.  494:12,  LK. 19;  ik-ta-ra-ar,  K.  122:  rev.  13,  LK.  43;  ak-ta-ra-ra,  K.  655:  rev.  5, 
LK.  132. 

'1  Cf.  The  Permansive  forms  given  in  Bezold,  Oriental  Diplomacy  p.  XXIX,  thus,  pabat, 
sihir,  sulmat,  and  similar  forms.  Cf .  also  ZA.,  V.  pp.  13-21.  This  form  is  parallel  to 
sihir  as  qatul  to  qatil,  cf.  DG.,  §  89  and  also  ZA.,Y.  p.  9,  note  3.  Another  unusual  form 
of  permansive  in  the  letters  which  may  be  cited  is  ta-ra-bu,  R-".  2,  464 :  10,  like  sab  at.  Cf. 
also,  outside  of  the  letters,  ni-bu-u,  TP.  1:35,  Iji-bir,  etc. 

12  Cf.  (amglu)  maru,  K.  617:15,  LK.  208  (in  contrast  with  1. 11,  where  amglu  is  not  found). 
Also  amelu  ardu ,  K.  122:6,  LK.  iB;  K.  939a:  6,  LK.  i6;  K.  604:13,  LK.U;  K.  618:14,  LK.9; 
(amelu)  ardani,  K.  596:7, 18,  20,  22,  26,  rev.  3,  12, 19.  LS".  190:  K.  617:  rev.  14,  LK:.  208:  K.  679: 
rev.  6,  LK.  312 ;  K.  10ti2:  rev.  7,  LK.  216;  K.  507:  rev.  21,  LK.  88.  Cf.  also  the  plural  sign  with 
amelu  pi.,  amelu  samiiti  K.  5466:  rev.  13,  LK".  99.  All  these  uses  have  their  parallels  in  the 
Tel  el-Amarna  tablets,  cf .  Bezold,  Oriental  Diplomacy,  p.  XVI. 

/'     ''  or  THE 

I    UNIVERSITY 


) 


14  Hebraica. 

1.  20.    m  e  -  m  e . — n  i  is  evidently  omitted  by  the  scribe. 

1,  20.  The  reading  given  for  this  line  is  confirmed  by  passages  closely 
parallel. 13 

1.  23.  b  a  is  probably  a  mistake  of  the  scribe,  and  is  to  be  considered 
as  erased. 

1.  25.    p  a  -  r  i  -  s  u  -  u  - 1  e .    From  r")£3  =probably  judgesM 

1.  27.  nagir,  undoubtedly  so  to  be  read,  although  it  is  actually  the  sign  for 
niru,  yoke. 

1.  28.  up-ta-at-Jiu-ru,  II.  2  Pret.  of.  pa^aru,  with  doubled  t,  cf.  DG?., 
1 83,  note,    h  u  r  u  is  for  the  usual  h  i  r  u.^^ 

1.  28.    ku-bu,  cf.  K.  485,  rev.  13,  LE.  112.    Probably  this   is    kubbu 

(NOp)  en/. 

1.  30.  a-nu-§im.  The  word  is  a  very  common  one  in  the  letters. 
Usually  written  a  n  -n  u  -  s  i  m ,  yet  several  times  a  -  n  u  -  §  i  m . 

1.  31.  ka-an-ni.  Taken  up  both  by  S.  A.  Smith,  and  Delitzsch  in  BAS., 
II.,  1.  p.  60.  Smith  derives  it  from  n.3p  ^  '"-^sf.  Delitzsch  takes  it  from  the 
root  nip  5  making  it  pi.  of  k  u ,  but  gives  no  translation.  iN'either  can  be  con- 
sidered entirely  correct.  The  writing  in  this  passage  renders  it  improbable  that 
it  is  from  pj^p  .  I  ofEer  no  derivation,  but  I  think  the  meaning  is  reasonably 
certain.  It  has  a  meaning  and  usage  very  similar  to  put,  i.  e.  entrance,  side. 
The  way  in  which  it  is  used  with  names  of  countries,  and,  in  this  passage,  of  a 
city,  shows  this,  cf.  R-".  2,  2:10,  with  R''\  2,  3  :  rev.  1. 


13  Cf.  R".  2,  4:   rev.  1-5,  and  R™.  3, 11:  3-5,  especially  5. 

14  Distinguish  this  word  from  (a  mglu)  par-ri-su,  In  K.  617 :  17,  iS".  306. 

1*  Many  roots  are  found  which  have  a  different  ultimate  vowel  in  the  letters  from  that 
which  had  been  known  elsewhere.  This  occurs  chiefly  in  the  I.,  1.  Preterite.  Some  cases  occur 
in  the  historical  inscriptions,  and  have  usually  been  classed  as  irregularities.  Some  of  these 
occur  so  frequently  in  the  same  form  in  the  letters  that  they  can  not  be  considered  simply  mis- 
takes, but  show  a  current,  although  it  may  be  colloquial,  form.  Together  with  this,  it  is  true, 
there  is  much  variation  in  vowels  in  the  letters  which  may  be  ascribed  simply  to  careless- 
ness and  inaccuracy.  Some  examples  of  verbal  forms  found  with  an  ultimate  vowel  in  the 
letters  different  from  the  usual  one  elsewhere  are  the  following :  iS-ka-nu-u-ni,  K.  14: 
rev.  3,  LK.  43, 1.,  1.  pret.  for  iSkununi;  i-sa-ku-nu,  K.  14:  rev.  14, 1/lT.  43, 1.,  1.  Pret.  or 
Pres.,  either  for  iSkunu,  or  iSdkanu  ;  cf.  also,  for  the  Pret.  i§-ka-nu-ni,  Asurn.,  3:83 
(where  Winckler  writes  "sic  1"),  and  ni-is-kan,  Bezold,  Orient. Dipl.,p.  112;  e-pa-Si,  K.  691: 
rev.  5,  LK.ib.  I.,  1,  Inf.  and  e-pa-as-u-ni,  K.  691:  rev.  8,  LK.  45,  I.,  1.  Pret.  or  Pres.  instead  of 
the  usual  epe  si,  and  epusuni  or  eppusuni.  Cf.  also,  for  this  infinitive  epase,  K.  578:  9, 
Smith,  48urb.  Ill,  p.  36  and  for  the  Pret.  or  Pres.  e-pa-Su,  ASurn.  Mon.,1.  55,  e-pa-Su-ni,  K. 
657 :  rev.  9,  LK.  103 ;  cf .  also,  e  -  p  a  -  a  s ,  K.  686 :  12,  LK.  173 ;  K.  577 :  18,  LK.203;  K.  657 :  rev.  6,  LK. 
103,  and  ip -pa- as,  K. 617 :  rev.  23, 1/S".  308.  Insteadof  erub.  I.,l. Pret.  we  have  e-ra-ab,  K. 
113:  rev.  3,  lilT.  183;  e-ra-bu-u-nu,  K.  5488:4,  iff.  139.  Instead  of  i§pur  I.,  1,  Pret.,  we  have 
lls-pa-ru-u-ni,  K.  1013:  rev.  16,  iK".  170,  is-pa-ru-nis-Su,  K.  530:31, 1/S".  158.  It  is  notice, 
able  that  the  examples  given  show  a  predominance  of  a  instead  of  the  usual  u.  For  a  different 
vocalization,  in  other  places,  in  verbal  forms  cf.  the  following:  instead  of  idabub,  or 
idibub,  I.,  1.  Pres.,  we  have  frequently  idubub  ;  cf.  1-du-bu-bu,  K.  625:  rev.  8,  LK. 131; 
Id-du-bu-ub,  K.  530:14,  LK:.158;  ad-du-bu-ub,  K.  617: 13,  iST.  208;  forittadin,  I.,  2. 
ittidin,  cf.  in  various  forms,  K.  113 :  rev.  2, 1-li:.  323;  K.  582:  rev.  6, iS".  167;  K.  619:13,  !/£:.  174; 
K.  541:  rev.  3,  LK.  207,  etc.  Many  other  examples  of  both  these  classes  could  be  given.  In  con  - 
nection  with  them,  cf .  Bezold,  Orient.  Dipt.  p.  XXXVI. 


The  Letters  of  the  R^'  2.  Collection.  15 

RM  2,  2. 

Obverse. — 1.  1.  d  u  p  p  u.  Very  few  letters  begin  in  any  but  the  stereotyped 
way,  which  is  so  familiar  that  it  need  not  be  mentioned.  This  is  one  of  the  most 
informal,  not  to  say  brusque.  The  beginning  with  dupp  u  is  found  in  but  few 
letters. 1  It  would  seem  that  there  was  some  special  reason  for  its  employment. 
That  of  Bezold2  seems  very  probable,  that  it  was  the  way  in  which  the  scribes, 
who  arranged  the  letters  in  the  royal  libraries,  commenced  those  of  which  the 
beginning  had  been  lost,  or  badly  mutilated.  A  fact  tending  to  confirm  this  view 
is  that  duppu  here  is  followed  by  the  expression  a-na-ka,  instead  of  the 
almost  universal  third  person,  and  in  K.  1396  duppu  is  followed  in  the  same 
way  by  a-na  ka-a-si. 

1.2.  ameiu  nagir  biti.     Cf.   ameiunagir  ekalli,  K.  485:  1,  LK.  112. 

1.3.  a-na-ka.  The  independent  form  of  the  pronoun  is  generally  used, 
with  the  ordinary  prepositions,  including  a  n  a  .3  With  some  longer  prepositions 
the  suflax  is  used,  thus  with  mu^^i,  panatu,  mahri,  Iibbi,battubatti,* 
etc.    The  use  here  of  a-na-ka  is  exceptional. 

1.  5.  It  is  a  peculiarity  very  characteristic  of  the  letters  that  the  ending  a  -  a , 
which  is  properly  the  Gentilic  ending,  has  become  commonly  used  with  ordinary 
names  of  cities  and  countries.  This  usage  is  so  very  common  that  examples  need 
not  be  given. 

1.6.  e-muk-ki-§u,  his  soldiers.  The  writing  e-muk-ki,  instead  of 
e  -  m  u  -  k  i ,  is  quite  common. 

1.7.  kar-ka-te-e.  Cf. -4.T.  4208.  I  think  it  is  certainly  to  be  read  as 
one  word  and  is  an  adjective  modifying  e  m  u  k  e .  Its  meaning  would  then  be 
something  lils.e  strong,  mighty.  U-a-si  occurs  in  the  same  form  in  1.  14  and 
in  the  form  U-e-ai,  an  interesting  variation,  in  R""  2,  3  :  rev.  6.  Both  forms 
occur  elsewhere.5 

1.  10.  ka-ni.  This  passage  is  quoted  by  Delitzsch  in  the  passage  above 
cited. 

1.  15.  u  h  -  h  u  -  r  u .  Erom  root  inj^n  used  often  as  a  technical  astronomical 
term ;  cf.  Del.  HWB.  p.  44,  Jensen,  Kosmologie.  It  has  a  non-technical  use, 
however,  as  is  evident  from  this  passage.  This  letter  is  not  dealing  with  astron- 
omy, or  astrology.  Its  natural  meaning  would  be,  to  he  behind,  to  delay.  This  is 
preterite,  instead  of  the  usual  uh^ir,  and  ilakuni  follows  it  in  the  present. 
It  is  then  to  be  translated,  "  the  prefects  have  delayed  in  going."  It  may,  how- 
ever, have  a  semi-technical  meaning,  "took  observations." 


1  Cf.  K.  1396,  LK.  185  ;  K.  831,  LK.  214  ;  K.  1239,  LK.  219. 

a  Die  Thontafelsammlungeyi  dea  British  Museum,  p.  17.  » 

3  Cf .  DG.,  p.  131,  §  55, 1  b). 

4  Cf .  DG.,  §  81,  b). 

5  Cf.  U-a-a-8i;  K.  5464  :  37  and  probably  rev.  4, 1/K".  198.  U-e-si,  K.  5464 :  rev.  2.  Cf.  also 
PSBA.,  Nov.  5, 1895,  234.  K.  6464  presents  an  interesting  parallel  with  the  present  letter  on  sev- 
eral other  points. 


16  Hebraica. 

Keverse. — 1.  4.  sa  la  pi-i.  Cf .  K.  1187  :  5,  LK.  217.  Literally,  what  is 
not  the  mouth  of  the  king  my  lord,=^'-  what  the  king  my  lord  has  not  commanded." 

1.6.  ti  is  probably  to  be  supplied,  as  omitted  by  the  carelessness  of  the 
scribe. 

1.  7.  1  u  la.    An  emphatic  negative.    Not  common,  but  occurring  several 

times   in  the    letters,    me-me-ni la  form  a  usual  combination,  = 

"  not  at  alV    Cf.  BAS.,  I.,  1.,  p.  217. 

1.9.   ak-tal-su-u  from  kalu.    Cf.  J)G.,§39. 

1.11.  a-ki-e.  Probably  equivalent  to  a-ki-i  preposition  or  conjunction, 
meaning  as.  Cf.  HWB.,  p.  52. 

RM  2,  3. 

Obverse. — 1.  4.  The  use  of  determinatives  here  is  a  question  which  admits 
of  discussion.  Bezold  claimsi  in  a  case  similar,  but  without  the  a  m  e  1  u ,  that 
sabe  is  a  determinative.  The  use  of  amelu  here  renders  that  supposition 
improbable.  In  E"  2,  7  :  5  there  is  more  probability  that  the  sabe  is  a  deter- 
minative. 

1.8.  u-ta-me-su.  II.,  2,  from  tJ^^J,  the  root  from  which  at  turn  us  is 
the  most  common  form.  This  root  occurs  quite  frequently  in  the  letters. 2  The 
meaning  set  out,  depart,  usually  given  to  attumus,  suits  all  the  cases.  A 
recognition  of  this  root,  outside  of  the  form  attumus  permits  the  correction  of 
Delitzsch's  transliteration  and  translation  in  two  letters.  Thus  in  K.  526 :  14,  I 
read  u-ta-mil-u-ni  instead  of  his  u-ta-rid-u-ni^,  giving  a  much  better 
meaning,  and  showing  the  same  form  which  occurs  in  our  present  letter.  Again 
in  K.  146  :  10,  LK.  192,  instead  of  Delitzsch's  difficult  sam-na  mu-su,*  I  read 
u  -  n  a  -  m  u  -  s  u ,  making  that  part  of  the  letter  perfectly  clear,  with  the  following 
translation  for  Is.  9  and  10,  the  twenty-eighth  day  they  remained  there,  on  the  twenty- 
ninth  day  they  (or  1)  departed.  The  form  in  this  last  case  is  unammus,  where 
usually  we  have  u  nam  mas,  but  this  variation  is  sufficiently  common  to  cause 
trouble.  S.  A.  Smith  and  Strassmaier  (cf .  references  quoted  by  Delitzsch)  had  no 
doubt  given  the  correct  transliteration,  but  had  failed  to  give  the  right  con- 
nection of  words  and  interpretation. 

1.  9.  a-sa-ap-pu-su.  Some  animal,  evidently  an  animal  for  riding,  proba- 
bly some  kind  of  horse.  I  read  withp  rather  than  b  on  account  of  E"  2,  8 :  rev.  1, 
where sap-pa  is  preceded  and  followed  by  bit-hal-li,  and  is  prob- 
ably the  same  word  as  this.    A  -  z  a  p  -  p  u  would  be  equally  good. 


1  Cf.  Or.  Dipl.    XVI.  §  7.    (c). 

2  Besides  the  forms  given  in  the  glossary  to  these  letters,  cf.  u-na-mas-u-ni  K.  1170:10, 
11,  LK.  147;  and  u-ta-me-si,  K.  621,  U  (unpublished);  cf,  also,  BOD.,  p.  101. 

3  Cf.  BAS.,  I.,  1,  p.  203-4.     Here  S.  A.  Smith  had  previously  read  u-ta-lak-u-ni,  Assyrian 
Letters,  part  III.,  p.  23. 

4  Cf .  BAS.,  I.,  1,  p.  204-5. 


(    UNIVERSITY  ) 
\  Of  J 

The  Letters  of  the  R"  2.  Collection.  ^**»-".-. .-.->=  ■-"     ^7 


Reverse. — 1.  7.  u-di-  na .  I  accept  here  the  meaning  given  by  Johns,i  as 
yet,  with  negative,  not  yet.  I  would  connect  it  closely  with  Heb.  Tj^,  at  which 
derivation  he  only  hints.    The  ending  is  the  adverbial  ending. 

RM  2,  4. 

Obverse. — 1.  6.  da-gil-issureP^-.  For  the  form  as  a  compound  word,  cf . 
Del.  BAS.,  I.,  1,  p.  219.  K.  572  :  9,  LK.  23,  shows  that  this  was  a  regular  court 
officer,  and  that  the  whole  word  is  plural.  That  it  means  a  diviner  is  self-evident. 
Our  word  augur,  the  Latin  augur,  and  the  Greek  oluvS/xavTig  testify  to  the  same 
custom  among  the  Romans  and  Greeks. 

1.10.  lu-uk-ta-ti-ni,  is  probably  from  the  root  kenu  (H^)  to  stand. 

Such  a  meaning  is  required  by  the  context.  The  stem  is  J^sxAil ,  for  which  cf . 
the  similar  forms  given  by  Bezold^ ;  cf .  also  DG.  §  83,  note. 

Reverse. — 1.  3.  It  is  very  evident  that  the  signs  which  I  have  left  untrans- 
literated  in  Is.  3  and  5  and  the  whole  of  1.  6,  have  been  erased.  The  meaning  is 
complete  without  them. 

1.  5.  la  i  -  s  i  -  i .  As  already  noted,  this  form  written  separately,  is  compar- 
atively rare  in  the  letters. 

1.9.  ur-ki-ia-u.    Cf.  Del.,  ^W^S.,  p.  243. 

1.  12.  am-me-ia-u.  Probably  equals  ammu  this,  the  not  very  com- 
mon masc.  singular  of  the  word  frequently  occurring  in  the  letters  as  a  m  m  a  t  i 
in  the  fem.  plur.  and  am  mute  in  the  masc.  pi.  This  word  is  much  more  com- 
mon than  generally  supposed.  It  occurs  several  times  in  the  Tel  el-Amarna 
tablets.3  It  is  very  common  in  the  Assyrian  letters.*  I  am  inclined  to  favor  the 
view  of  Bezold  that  it  is  simply  another  form  of  a  n  n  u ,  n  being  changed  to  m. 

Rm  2,  5. 

Obverse. — 1  8.  us-su-ru.  A  good  imperative  form.  It,  however,  looks 
like  a  plural  where  a  singular  is  needed.  It  may  possibly  be  a  plural,  being  a 
command  addressed  to  the  present  scribe  and  those  associated  with  him.  It  may 
be  an  instance  of  the  overhanging  vowels  which  are  used  in  the  Letters,  in 
accordance  with  laws  not  yet  fully  determined. 

1.  9.  mar .  Probably  an  ideogram  the  reading  of  which  is  uncertain.  The 
meaning,  however,  from  this  and  other  passages,^  is  reasonably  certain,  viz., 
time,  with  istu  ,  from  the  tim/e  that. 


1  Cf.  FSB  A,  Nov.  5, 1895,  228  sq. 

2  Cf .  Or.  Dipl.  p.  XXXVII,  §  29. 

3  Cf .  Or.  Dipl.  p.  XX  and  76. 

4  Cf.  masc.  pi.  am-mu-te,  or  am-mu-ti,  K.  n2:ll,  LK.  233;  K.  1013:  rev.  9,  LK.  ITO; 
K.  472:12,  LET.  17;  K.  490:  rev.  7,  LK.  18.  Fem.  pi.  am-ma-te,  or  am-ma-ti,  K.  663:13,  LK. 
211,  and  other  examples. 

6  For  passages  In  which  the  same  expression  occurs  cf.  K.  653:  rev.  10,  LK.  154,  and  K.  662: 15, 
LK.2U. 


18  Hebraica. 

Eeverse. — 1.2.  an-nu-ri.  An  interesting  form.  From  its  use,  it  cer- 
tainly has  the  same  meaning  as  annusim.  This  is  shown  by  the  way  in  which 
it  stands  here,  preceded  by  u  m  a ,  and  by  the  context  in  other  passages  in  which 
it  occurs.i  Two  possibilities  present  themselves.  This  may  be  an  independent 
word,  possibly  related,  having  the  same  meaning  as  annusim;  or  it  may  be 
that  we  are  to  give  r  i  a  new  value  §  i  m . 

Is.  5-6.  The  expression  used  in  these  two  lines  seems  to  be  stereotyped;  cf. 
very  similar  expressions  elsewhere.2 

Rm  2,  6. 

Reverse. — 1.  2.  Nu-ka-al  is  found  elsewhere.  Cf.  nu-ka-la,  K. 
1039 :  11, 12,  which  is  probably  from  the  root  k  a  1  u  (n'^3)  =  io  delay.  This  may 
be  a  different  root. 

1.  10.    The  meaning  either oi-  has  usually  been  given  to  1  u 1  u . 

Cf.  DG.  I  82  and  Del.,  Prol.,  p.  135.  It  may  be  questioned,  however,  whether  the 

meaning  both and  is  not  more  suitable  here.    Cf.  also  other  places  where 

it  is  found.3    A  new  usage  is  the  expression  used  in  the  letters  gumma 

s  u  m  m  a ,  meaning  whether or. 

1.14.  mu-gir-ri.  This  word  is  not  given  in  Dq\.  HWB.  A  synonym  of 
narkabtu,  as  is  shown  here  by  the  determinative  isu  and  by  the  context. 

From  Tljl,  a  chariot,  as  being  that  which  runs.    The  form  is  perhaps  Jk_x_&__>o 

but  more  probably  JJLftxi  with  transition  of  a  to  i. 

Rm  2,  7. 

1.  7.  Na-sa,  occurs  in  another  form  in  R".  2, 11,  and  R".  2,  464,  where  it 
will  be  discussed. 

Rm  2,  8. 

Obverse. — 1.  4.  a-dan-nis.  Entirely  untenable  are  the  derivations  of 
Delitzsch  from  "1^4*|4  ;  of  Zimmern,  from  7"y}<i5,  and  of  Jensen  from  ■1J^4')^,  with 
the  meaning,  appointed  time.,  like  Heb.  1j^1)53.  All  these  make  it  an  adverbial 
formation  from  a  noun  a d a n n u .  It  is  probably  from  ana  dannis,  as  given 
by  Harper'^. 


iCf.K.  656:11,  is-.  92;  K.  173 :  11,  iET.  221;  K.  472 : 7,  iET.  17.  Cf.  also,  K.  1170:9,  iS:.  147, 
where  we  have  a-nu-su,  and  the  various  forms  in  the  Tel  el- Amarna  tablets:  cf.  Bezold,  Or. 
Dipl.,  pp.  xl.  and  76. 

^  Cf .  a-na  gul-'me  sa  sarri  at-tal-ka,  K.  532:  rev.  13,14, iS".  109;  a-na  sul-meina 
muhhi  sar  mStu  Akkad-a-a  it-tal-ku,  S^.  181 : rev.  18-19, 1/S^.  197 ;  a-na  sul-me  ina 
muh-hi-su-ma  it-ta-la-ak,  K.  181 :  rev.  31-22,  I/E:.  197. 

3  Cf .  K.  1396: 4,  LK.  185;  K.  113: 6,  LK.  223. 

4  HWB.,  p.  36. 

6  BAS.,  p.  18  note.     He  compares  Heb.    ptX  and   pN  ,  p.  107. 
*  Kosmologie,  p.  414  sqq. 

7  Hebraica,  X.  1  and  2,  p.  107. 


The  Letters  of  the  E'*^  2.  Collection.  19 

1.  8.  The  restoration  of  this  and  the  following  lines  is  taken  from  similar 
phrases  which  occur  elsewhere.^ 

Is.  10-12.  This  restoration  is  given  chiefly  from  a  combination  of  two  pas- 
sages.2 

Eeverse.— 1.  3.  For  the  reading,  cf.  K.  582  :  5,  LK.  167,  where  the  name  is 
also  without  determinative.  The  portion  of  Dur  preserved  has  the  form  of 
narkabtu. 

1.  8.  For  all  this  passage  from  Obv.  19  through  to  the  end,  cf.  K.  1113  and 
K.  1229,  i^.  71,  by  the  same  scribe,  which  presents  many  parallels.  The  read- 
ing of  KurPi-  as  sise  here  and  in  Is.  10  and  12,  while  not  very  frequent,  is 
well  authenticated.^ 

1.  8.    a  s  -  s i  - k a  1 .    For  the  root,  cf .  Johns,  PSBA.,  Nov.  5, 1895,  p.  234. 

1.10.  u-sa-ad-la-ab.  Del.,  HWB.,  v-  217-8  gives  two  roots,  ^':?-I, 
neither  of  which  is  suitable  here.  The  context,  especially  ana  mini,  indicates 
the  meaning,  reckoned. 

1.10.  la-as-kal.  Undoubtedly  the  same  as  as-si-kal  in  1.  8.  This 
may  be  a  case  of  unusual  syncope.  It  is,  however,  more  in  harmony  with  the 
usual  custom  of  the  letters  to  consider  the  sign  s  i  as  omitted  by  the  carelessness 
of  the  scribe. 

RM  2,  11. 

Kevekse.— 1.  2.  na-su-ni-su.  This  root  has  been  discussed  both  by 
S.  A.  Smith  and  by  Delitzsch.*  Smith  compares  both  Hebrew  }«{Vi  and  HVJ  ^ 
and  thinks  that  this  root  combines  both  their  meanings  hinfluhen  and  streiten. 
Passages  in  which  it  is  found  in  the  letters  he  translates  are  K.  359:  5,10; 
K.  525  :  25  ;   K.  582  :  8. 

Delitzsch  gives  as  the  root  nif  J  •  He,  however,  thinks  it  combines  the  mean- 
ings herbeieilen  and  enteilen,  entfluhen.  In  addition  to  the  passages  given  by 
Smith,  he  quotes  only  K.  186  :  4.  Many  other  examples  of  its  occurrence  may  be 
given. 5  A  careful  comparison  of  all  these  makes  it  probable  that  the  root  is 
J^i^f^  .  Its  meaning  is  similar  to  ^JI^f"| ,  but  in  some  passages  like  the  present  is 
evidently  the  transitive,  bring  out.    The  hapax  legomenon  J^^J,  Jer.  48:9,  is  to  be 

T 

taken  from  the  same  root  in  Hebrew,  if  the  text  of  the  passage  is  correct.    Johns 


1  For  n  u  m  m  u  r  cf .  the  similar  phrase  In  K.  60  1 :  rev.  12,  LK.  7. 

^  Cf.  K.  627: 9-11,  LK.  115  and  K.  499: 9-10,  LK.  119. 

«  Cf.  K.  1113: 7  sqq.  and  note  of  Del.,  BAS.  II.  1.,  pp.  45-6. 

*  For  S.  A.  Smith,  cf .  Die  Keilschrifttexte  Asurianipals,  part  II.,  p.  53.  For  Delitzsch,  BAS., 
XL,  1,  p.  61. 

6Cf.  K.  125:9,11,  19,  LK.  196;  K.  181,  rev.  28,  LK.Wi;  K..5464:  rev.  19,  iS:.  198;  K.  186:4, 
LK.  222;  K.  594:  rev.  9,  LK.90;  K.  686:7,  LK.llS;  K.  582:8,  LK.161;  K.  619:  rev.  13,  iE:.  174; 
K.  1461: 15,  LK.  120 ;  K.  594 :  rev.  9,  LK.  90. 


20  Hebraica. 

has  given  the  meaning  bring,  PSBA.,  ISTov.  5, 1895,  225,  233,  236  sq.  but  without 
comment. 

It  is  to  be  noticed  that  J^i^f  J  in  every  case  cited  is  found  in  the  I.,  1  perm, 
with  the  meaning  of  the  pret.  This  is  one  illustration  of  the  fact  which  has 
already  been  noticed,i  of  the  more  frequent  and  varied  use  of  the  permansive  in 
the  letters  than  in  other  inscriptions.  Other  permansives  in  connection  with 
preterites  occur  in  the  letters.2 

RM  2,  458. 

Letters  of  the  same  scribe  are  found  in  LK.  87-99.  Cf.  also  BAS.,  II.,  1,  p. 
32 sqq.  They  show  marked  similarities.  A s u r  and  B e It u  are  the  gods 
invoked  in  all.  This  letter  down  to  the  middle  of  line  9  is  exactly  duplicated 
in  K.  656:1-8,  LK.  92,  and  with  but  slight  variation  in  K.  5466:1-4,  LK.  99.  K. 
656  also  presents  a  marked  resemblance  in  subject  matter  to  the  present  one. 

1.4.  For  the  correctness  of  the  reading  ekurrate,  cf.  the  interesting 
writing  e-kur-ra-a-te  ,  K.  1062:7,  i^.  216. 

RM  2,  459. 

The  general  subject  of  this  letter  is  evidently  similar  to  the  preceding.  1.  7 
bears  a  marked  resemblance  to  R"  2, 11:2  and  suggests  the  possibility  that  they 
may  have  the  same  author. 

RM  2,  462. 
1.  2.    For  another  letter  by  a  scribe  with  the  same  name,  cf.  K.  525.3 
1.  3.    This  is  an  unusual  use  of  istu,  where  we  usually  have  ina.    It  is, 
however,  simply  a  loose  use  of  the  ideogram  for  iltu  for  other  prepositions, 
such  as  we  have  elsewhere,  most  frequently  in   Asurnasirpal.*    The  name  of 
this  man  is  interesting.    A  father  he  did  not  know,  is  apparently  the  meaning. 

RM  2,  463. 

1.  9.  s  u  p  -  r  u .  Evidently  imperative.  Apparently  singular,  since  the  letter 
is  from  one  man,  and  in  the  next  word  he  makes  answer  in  the  sing.  The  u  at 
the  end  may  be  a  supernumerary  vowel,  as  in  cases  previously  mentioned. 

RM  2,  464. 

Obverse. — 1.  5.  That  a  plural  sign  is  to  be  read  in  the  break  is  rendered 
probable  by  the  context,  especially  bat-te-bat-te-e-a  round  about  me.    This 


1  ZA.,  V.  1890,  pp.  13-21. 

=  Cf.K.  1026:7,  iB".  118. 

»  Cf.  BAS.,  II.,  1,  p.  55,  sq. 

*Cf.  Col.  2: 124  (for  itti),  Col.  3:39  (for  ina). 


The  Letters  of  the  E"  2.  Collection,  21 

word  might  possibly  be  read  k  e  p  a  n  i ,  as  Delitzsch  has  done  ;i  but  the  reading  I 
have  given  is  the  standard  one.    Its  occurrence  in  the  letters  is  certain.2 

1.  6.  A  supernumerary  vowel  between  a  word,  especially  preposition  and 
suflBx,  as  here,  is  common  in  the  letters.3  Its  significance  is  doubtful.  It  may 
mark  a  change  of  tone  to  that  syllable. 

1.7.  i-sa-al-lu  is  probably  plural,  the  subject  being  hazanate.  §ul- 
m  u  i  s  al  u  =  they  ask  peace,  i.  e.  send  greeting. 

1.  10.  k  a  -  r  a  -  b  u .  I  think  there  is  no  doubt  that  this  is  to  be  considered  a 
perm.,  as  previously  remarked,  i-sa-^a  is  probably  pres.  from  HIlD  i  *o  rebel, 
revolt. 

1.  11.  u  -  p  u  -  s  u .  Probably  a  I.  1.  pret.,  first  person.  The  u  for  e  is  not  sur- 
prising in  the  letters.  The  same  form  is  found  elsewhere.*  A  general  meaning, 
I  attended  to  the  matter,  may  be  given  here. 

1.14.  pa-tu-u-ni.  Evidently  from  Ji^srifi  ^  perm.  Its  reference  may  be 
either  to  the  man  Uppiti  or  the  city  Uriaku. 

1.16.  i-ka-bu-u-ni.  This  is  evidently  a  pres.,  but  it  seems  to  have  the 
force  of  the  pret.,  because  in  expressions  similar  to  this  the  pret.  is  the  form 
regularly  used. 

Keyerse. — 1.4.  lam  inclined  to  read  U"  Nabu-emur-an-ni,  the  sign 
SI  being  omitted  by  the  scribe,  or  LAL  itself  having  the  ideographic  value 
amaru;  cf.  the  names,  Samas-emur-an-ni,  and  Bel-emur-an-ni. 


GLOSSARY. 

u ,  and,  1:  rev.  21  ;  2  :  rev.  11 ;  6  :  4 ;  7 :  9 ;  11 :  rev.  7. 

abaru  HDJ^O,  to  cross.    1.2.  e-tab-ru,  3:  9. 

adi  iii*),  as  far  as,  until,    a-di  1 :  20,  rev.  1,  8  ;  2  :  6.    a-du,  till,  459:  8. 

edu  ("If^s),  one.    edumanu,  alone{?),  e-du-ma-nu ,  11 :  10. 

u  -  d  i  -  n  a  (T^J^O,  as  yet,  3  :  rev.  7. 

a^u  (^^^^l),  brother,     ahi-su,   11:  9.      ahi-ka,   11:  rev.  3. 

a h i s ,  together,  a-hi-ia-si,  1:  rev.  14;  a-ha-ia-si,  464  :  11. 

a  -  h  u  - 1  a  m  -  m  a ,  on  that  side,  6  :  rev.  11. 

aharu  ^^^{l),  to  he  behind.    II.  1.  uh-hu-ru,  2:  15. 

kka,,  where  ?    a-a-ka,2:8. 


1  In  K.  507:  la,  LK.  88,  cf.  BAS.,  II.,  1.  p.  36. 

2  Cf.  the  writing  ha-za-nu,  in  K.  679 :  4, -L-K".  313. 

»Cf.  i-si-e-su,  k.  5464 :  31,  I-B:.  198 ;  i-si-o-a,  K.63b:  rev.  16,  LS:.  168;  e-mu-lji-e-Su  , 
K.  5464:38,  39,  iK.  198;  K.181:  rev.  11,  iS".  19";  bel-pihate-e- Su,  K.  5464 :  14,  iST.  198 ;  with- 
out suflBx,  cf.  a-bi-te-e,  K.  939a :  14,  iET.  46,  and  many  other  cases.  Cf.  also  Bezold,  Orieivtal 
Diplomacy,  p.  XXIII. 

«Cf.  Asurnasirpal,  Col.  3:  125;  K.  515:  rev.  14. 1,JS:.  89. 


22  Hebraica. 

aki  ii^i),  as,  like,    a-ki,  4:  rev.  7.    a-ki-e,  2:  rev.  11. 

ekaWn,  palace,     e  kal  li ,  5  :  rev.  6. 

ek-avTu  ,  temple.    ekurrateP^-   (E-KURP^-)  458  :  4. 

i\u  i^i^i),  God.  ilu,  determ.  6:42;  8:52,73;  458:82;  459:42.  i\[^  q. 
rev.  10. 

alu,  city,  alu,  determ.  1 :  5,8,  11,  12,  15, 16,  18,  20,  23,  rev.  5,  8,  9,  13,  26, 
31 ;  2:9, 14,  rev.  1 ;  3  :7,  rev.  6  ;  7  :  7  ;  11: 6  ;  458  :  5  ;  463 :  4,  8  ;  464  :  3,  9,  13, 
rev.  9.    ali-su  ,  11 :  7. 

ula  {^'^')^i), perha2)s.    u-la,  6:  7. 

a-li-e,  where?  11:  rev.  3. 

e  1  u  ((!'??<*),  to  be  high.    III.  2.    u  -  s  e  - 1  i ,  1 :  rev.  29. 

alaku  ("I'^J^O,  ^0  g'o.  I.  1.  Pret.  i-li-kan-a-ni,  1 :  8,  21.  i-lik-an-ni, 
2:  rev.  9.  il-li-kam-ma,  11:  rev.  4.  al-lik-an-ni,  464:  rev.  2.  I.  1. 
Pres.  i-lak,  2  :  7,  14.  i-la-ku-u-ni,  2  :  15.  il-lak,  3 :  rev.  7.  il-la-ka, 
5  :  rev.  4.  al-lak,  5  :  rev.  6.  I.  2.  i-ta-lak,l:13.  i-tal-ku-u-ni,2:ll. 
it-tal-ku,  11:  7. 

ellu   {V?i^^)   bright,  S:  7. 

u m a ,  now.    u-ma-a,  1:  21;  4:  rev.  7  ;  5  :  rev.  1. 

amelu  ibDii),  officer,  determ.  1 :  7,  rev.  15,  17,  18,  22,  25,  27,  302 ;  2  :  2,  6, 
9,  10,  15  ;  3  :  4,  52,  6,  13,  rev.  2 ;  4  :  5,  6,  12,  rev.  9  ;  5  :  5  ;  6  :  14,  rev.  9,  11 ;  11 : 
rev.  7  ;  462  :  5  ;  463  :  6,  7,  IO2 ;  464 :  5, 11, 13,  rev.  4,  7  ;  a-me-li,  6  :  8. 

am-me-ia-u,  this,  4::  rev.  12. 

umamu  (DD^^),  beast,    u-ma-me,  1:  rev.  9. 

u m m a n u  ,  people,    u-ma-ni-e,  458  :  rev.  3. 

emeku  (pOJ^*),  to  be  deep,  emuku,  warriors,  amelu  e-muk-ki-su, 
2:  6. 

amaru  (^lOKO,  to  see.    1. 1.  e-mu-ru-su,  11:  5. 

imeru  ("IDNO?  animal,  determ.  1 :  9,  11, 16,  19,  24  ;  3:9, 

ina,  w.  in  a,  1 :  4,  10,  11,  12,  19,  23,  24,  rev.  6,  13,  15,  17,  18,  28,  31 ;  2  : 
12,  14,  rev.  1,  6  ;  3 :  11,  rev.  6  ;  4  :  5,  9,  rev.  10  ;  5 :  4,  rev.  6  ;  6  :  7,  9,  10 ;  7  :  7  ; 
11:  4,  7,  10,  rev.  4,  8 ;  458:9;  459:5;  463:  8;  464:  2,  7,  9,  12,  rev.  1,  8,  10. 
i-[na],  1:  9. 

a  n  a ,  fo.  a-  n  a ,  1 :  1,  3,  8,  13,  20,  rev.  9  ;  2  :  2  ;  3  :  1,  3,  7  ;  4  :  1,  4,  rev.  13 ; 
5  :  1,  3,  rev.  5  ;  6  :  1,  3,  5,  rev.  1,  3  ;  7 :  1,  3  ;  8  :  1,  3,  6,  15,  16,  17,  rev.  9  ;  11 :  6  ; 
458 :  1,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8  ;  459 :  [1],  3,  4 ;  462  :  [1],  3  ;  463 :  1,  3,  4 ;  464 :  4,  15,  rev.  3, 
9,13.    a-na-ka,  2:  3. 

an-ni-u,  this,  2:  rev.  11  ;  6 :   rev.  7  ;  8:   rev.  4.    an-ni-[u],  8:  rev.  6. 

anaku  C^JNO,  /•    a-na-ku,  1 :  23  ;  464  :  rev.  1,  9. 

a  n  -  n  u  -  r  i ,  just  now,  5  :  rev.  2. 

annusim,  just  now.    a-nu-sim,  1,  rev.  30;  an-nu-sim,  11:  rev.  5. 

is-si-e-§u  ii^i),  toith  him,  4iQ4:  rev.  8. 


The  Letters  of  the  E^  2.  Collection.  23 

eTpesu  i^i^^i)  to  doimake.  I.  1.  e -pu- su  ,  2  :  12,  rev.  2.  e-pu-su-ni, 
2:  rev.  10.  [e]-pu-su,  8:  rev.  6.  u-pu-su,  464:  11.  I.  2.  e-tap-§a,  2: 
rev.  10. 

isu  {^^i4),  tree,  isu,  determ.  1:  rev.  6  ;  6 :  9,  rev.  4,  14;  458:  9,  rev.  4 ; 
459:  5. 

asappu,  probably  some  kind  of  horse,  imeru  a-sap-pu-su,  3:  9;  [a]- 
sap-pa,  8:  rev.  1. 

erebu  {^"IXo),  to  enter.  I.  1.  e-ru-bu-u-ni,  464:  rev.  10.  I.  2.  e-tar- 
bu-u-ni ,  8 :  rev.  5. 

ardu,  serva7it.  ardu-ka,  1:2;  3:2;  4:2;  5:2;  6:2;  7:2;  8:2; 
458 :  2  ;  459  :  2 ;  462 :  2  ;  463  :  2. 

uru  (n")KOi  stall,    u-ru-u,  1:  15,  16. 

asirti   (bit  ali),  sanctuary,  2  :  12. 

istn,  from,  istu,  1:  5,  7,  18,  rev.  8;  4  :  6,  12,  rev.  4;  5:  9;  6:  rev.  3; 
7  ;  12  ;  462  :  4. 

itti  (i^i),  loith.    it-[ti]-su,  2:  rev.  6. 

at  a  (nn?^)»  now.     a-ta-a,  1:  6;  6:  rev.  12. 

eteku  (pilKO,  to  inarch.  I.  1.  e-ti-ik,  6?  8.  I.  2.  i-ta-ta-ka,  4: 
rev.  14. 

i-tu-uk-tu,  1:  rev.  19. 


bitu  (n^2),  house,    bit,  1:  rev.  27,  30. 

belu  ('7^<0),  lord.  he-iU  {my  lord,  nom).  1 :  4,  14,  22,  rev.  4,  10,  16,  21, 
31;  4:7;  5:6,  9;  8:  rev.  11,  13 ;  11:1;  459:6,8;  463:5.  beli  {my  lord, 
nom.)  4  :  rev.  8  ;  462:  6.  be-li  {my  lord,  nom.)  6  :  6,  11,  rev.  6.  beli-ia  {my 
lord,  gen.)  1 :  1,  3,  rev.  31 ;  4  :  1,  4 ;  6  :  1,  3,  5,  rev.  15  ;  458  :  1,  7,  8,  rev.  5  ;  459  : 
1,  3,  [4];  463:  3.  beli -a  (gen.)  5:  1,  3;  11:  rev.  5 ;  462 :  [1],  3;  464:  15. 
be-ili-ia  (gen.)3;  [1],  3  ;  8:  1,  3,  6,  9,  [11],  [12]  ;  463:1.  be-ili-a,l:  rev. 
10  and  11.  amglu  })^\  pihati,  prefect.  2:  9,10;  3:  6,13.  amSlu  ^g] 
pibateP^-,2:  15. 

bi-rit,   among,  hetween,  6:  7,  15. 

bid,   as,  ivhen.     bid,   1 :  22. 

b  i  t  h  a  1 1  u  ,   riding  horse,    bit-hal-li,   8:  19,  rev.  2. 

bat-te-bat-te-e-a,   round  about  me, -iQi  :  6. 


g  a  r  a  r  u   CnlJ),   to  run.    *  ? ^^   m  u  -  g  i  r  -  r  i ,   chariot,  6  :  rev.  14. 
gusuru  ("IJJ^JI),   beam,    (isu)  gusure  ^^-,458:  9,  rev.  4 ;  459:  [5]. 


dababu  (^Dn)'   fo  speak.     I.  1.  Pres.  i-da-bu-ub  ,  2:    13;    id-da-ab. 
7:  10. 


24  Hebraica. 

dagil-issur i,   bird  inspector,  augur.      amelu  da-gil-issure  P'-,  4:  6, 
12. 

daku  (nil),   to  kill.    I.  1.  i-du-u-ku  ,  464:  12. 

dalabu  (^'^l),   to  reckon {"i)    III.  1.  u-sa-ad-la-ab ,  8:  rev.  10. 

dul-lu,   business,  2:  11,  rev.  2.    dul-li,  2:  rev.  6. 

a-dan-nis   (p"l)  very  rmtch,  S  :  4^,458:  rev.  2. 

duppu,   tablet,     duppu,   2:  1. 


abalu  {'?^1,),  to  bring.  I.  1.  Pres.  u-bal-u-ni-su-nu,  1:  rev.  30. 
u-ba-la,  2:  rev.  7.  I.  1.  Pret.  lu-u-bi-lu-ni-Su,  11:  3.  III.  1.  Impv. 
se-bi-la,  464:  rev.  12. 

adu   (mi))   ax>point.    I.  1.  u-da,   1:  rev.  4.     tu-da,   1:  rev.  23. 

asu  (KiVD)  to  go  out.  I.  1.  tu-su-u-ni,  6:  10.  I.  2.  i-tu-si,  1:  18. 
II.  2.  u-ta-si-si,   1 :  rev.  20  ;  u-ta-si  4  :  rev.  2.    setn,  end.    sa-at,8:17. 

asabu   DtrU  to  dwell.    I.  1.  Pres.  u -lab,  2  :  8,  14. 

urkiu  rVy\),  later,    ur-ki-ia-u,  4:  rev.  9. 


zammeru,  singer,    amelu  z  ammereP^-  1:  rev.  15,  22,  30. 
zeru  {iii~\\).,  seed,  family,    zi-ri-ka,  8:  16. 


hazanu,  mayor  of  city,     amglu  hazanu   (bel   ali),  464:  5,13. 
fealaku  {p^r]),to  flee.    1.2.  ih-tal-ka,  464:  rev.  3. 


temu  {Qi^i\^),  tidings,     te-mu,  1:  rev.  11.     te-[e-mu],  464 :  7. 
tabu  i^"]^),  to  be  good.    I.I.Perm,    tab  ,  458  :  rev.  6. 


iasi,/.    ia-si,  464:  10. 

umu  iOV),  day.  ume  (UD -ME)  8  :  17.  umu  (UD-MU)  8:  rev.  4 ; 
464 :  rev.  8.    umi  (UD),  8  :  rev.  15  ;  464  :  2. 

isu  itl^''),  io  be.  I.  1.  i-su-u-ni,  4:  13.  i-si-i,4:  rev.  5 ;  contracted 
witb  la  to  lasu;  la-su,  1:6,  rev.  20;  la-a-su,  11:  5;  la-a-as-su,  11:  8. 


imeru  ku-din,   mide,  1:  9,11,16,19,24. 

kanu  (p^D),  to  be  firm.  II.  1.  lu-ki-in-nu,  8:  12.  II.  2.  lu-uk-ta 
ti-ni,4:10.     ki-e-ni,    firm,  8 :  13. 

ki  (^3),  wheji.    ki-i ,   1 :  7,  21,  rev.  5,  24;  2  :  rev.  8  ;  464:  rev.  1. 

k  i,  determ.  2  :  rev.  8  ;  7  :  6  ;  458  :  3,  6. 

kalu  {'^\^^),  to  delay,  restrain.,  imprison.  1.2.  ak-ta-la,  4;  rev.  11;  ak' 
tal-su-u,  2  :  rev.  9. 


The  Letters  of  the  E""  2.  Collection.  25 

kilu  i^i'^^),  priso7i,  restraint.    kil-la-§u,  2:  rev.  12. 
kaliu,  impedimenta,    ka-li-ia,    1:   4.     ka-li-ia-u,   1:6,   19,  rev.   12. 
ka-li-e,  1:  20. 

k  i  m  a ,   like,    k  i  -  m  a ,  6 :  13  ;  464 :  rev.  12. 

ka-a-a-ma-ni-u,  continual,  8:  rev.  9. 

kamutu  (HD^))  captivity,      kam-mu-su,   11:  rev.  1. 

kanasu  (tJ^JD),  to  submit.    I,  1.  Pres.    i-ka-an- nu-su  ,  6:  rev.  16. 

karabu  0"1D),  to  bless,    lik-ru-bu,  6  :  5  ;  8:  6  ;  458  :  9  ;  459  :  5. 

kar-ka-te-e,   mighty  {"l)  2:  7. 

^?Lr2LXu['y^'2),  to  be  situated.    I.I.Perm,  ka-ri-ru-u-ni ,  1:  rev.  7. 

kissatu  (C^£5^D),  totality.    kisSat,  6:  rev.  10^. 


la  ({^'7),  not.  la,  1 :  rev.  21 ;  2  :  rev.  4,  7  ;  3  :  rev.  8;  4  :  rev.  5  ;  6  :  rev.  13, 
16 ;  11 :  rev.  4 ;  463  :  12,  13.    la-  a,  11 :  5  ;  459  :  8. 

libbu  D^'?),  heart,  midst,  lib-bu,  458:  rev.  5.  libbi,  1:  rev.  6,  28;  3: 
rev.  6;  11 :  7  ;  463  :  11;  464:  rev.  8.    lib-bi,  11:  10. 

lu  {t».  surely,    lu  1:  3,  rev.  23 ;  2:  3,  rev.  7;  3:3;5:3;6:3;7:3;8: 

3;  458:  7;  459:  3.    lu-u,  4  :  3;  458  :  rev.  6  ;  462:  3  ;  463  :  3.    lu-u 

1  u  -  u ,  both and,  6  :  rev.  10. 

1  i p u ,  descendant.     li-pi-i-ka,8:15. 


ma  ,  saying,  ma-a,  1 :  6,  rev.  17,  22,  23  ;  2  :  5,  8,  13,  15,  rev.  4  ;  3  :  rev.  5  ; 
4  :  9,  11 ;  5  :  7,  rev.  5  ;  6  :  7,  12  ;  7  :  11 ;  11 :  2,  rev.  4  ;  459  :  7  ;  462  :  7  ;  463 :  6. 

madu   (IJ^iO),   much,     ma-a-du,   458:  rev.  4. 

maru  ("IJ^aQ),  child,  son.  ameiu  maraP^--ni,  1:  rev.  17.  amelu 
maraniP^'-su,  464:  rev.  7. 

naruME.  3:  8. 

musu  [^yO),  night,     mu-su,  8:  rev.  6. 

mul}hi,  above,  upon,  with  reference  to.  muhlji,  1:  4,  rev.  15,  17 ;  4  :  5  ; 
5:4;  6:9;  11 :  rev.  8  ;  458  :  9  ;  459  :  5  ;  462  :  4  ;  464  :  7,  12,  rev.  10.  m  u  h  - 
hi-su,  6:  10.    muh-hi-a,  11:  rev.  4. 

mala,  as  many  as.  ma-la,  1:  14;  3:  10.  (Both  doubtful  because  of 
breaks.) 

manu   (H^JO),  to  mmiber.    mi-i-ni,  number,  8:  rev.  9. 

minu  (with  sa),  according  as.  me-i-nu(sa),  4:  11;  mi-i-nu(sa), 
8  :  rev.  13.      memeni ,  a«  aZ?.     me-me -ni ,  4  :  rev.  3. 

masu   in'^O'^),  to  be  wide,  sufficient.     III.  1.  Perm,  s  um-sa,  1 :   rev.  28. 

MAR,  time  f    5  :  9. 

matu,  land,  matu,  determ.  1:  13,  rev.  18  ;  2  :  5,  10,  rev.  8;  3:  rev.  1; 
7:  6;  11:  4;  458:  6;  462:  5;  464:  rev.  3.    mat-su,  6:  rev.  10. 


26  Hebraica. 

naru  HKO).  river,    naru,  determ.  3  :  8. 

am^iu  NA.    464:  rev.  4. 

amelu  n^gir  ekalli ,  overseer  of  the  palace,!  :  icQ\. 21.  '^-'^^lu  nagir  biti, 
overseer  of  the  house,  2  :  2. 

'    nadanu  (J"lJ),  to  give.    I.  1.   [li]d-din,  4:   15.    [lid-di]-nu,  8:   18; 
ta-da-in,  gift{?)  1:  rev.  10. 

nazazu  {\\yj,  to  staiid.  III.  1.  u-sa-zi-zu-u-ni,  1:  17.  lu-Sa-zi-zu, 
1 :  rev.  14. 

nuk,  saying,     nu-uk,  11:  rev.  3. 

nu-ka-al,  6:  rev.  2. 

nakaru  {^^^),  to  be  hostile.    I.  1.  part,     nak-ru-ti-su-nu,  6:  rev.  13. 

namasu  {l^f2X),  to  set  out,  depart.  II.  1.  u-nam-mas,  3:  rev,  8.  II.  2. 
u-ta-me-su,  3:  8;  u-tam-me-sa,  5:  rev. 3;  u-ta-mi-su-ma,  3:  rev. 3. 

nasu  (J^iVJ))  io  bring  out.  I.  1.  Perm,  na-sa,  7:  7;  na-su-ni-su, 
11  :  rev.  2;  na-su-u-ni,  464 :  rev.  13. 

nasaru  nVJ)i  i<^  ^<^ve.  I.  1.  Pres.  i-na-sur,  1:  rev.  29.  I.  1.  Pret. 
li-is-su-ru,  8:  9.  I.  1.  Impv.  us-su-ru,  5:  8.  1.2. Pret.  it-ta-as-ru,  5: 
13.  massartu,  watch,  massarti-su,  4:  rev.  13.  ma-§ar-tu-su,  5:  8, 
11.    massaratiP^-,  464:  4. 

nu-ti-in,  1:  rev.  15. 


sahu  (nnD)>  ^0  rete?.     I.  1.   i-sa-ha,  464:  10. 
saljaru  nflD),  ^0  ^w^«-     1-2.   lu-u-sa-hi-ri,  4 :  14. 
sisu,  horse,     sise^^^-   8:  rev.  8,  10,  12. 


p u  Of)),  mouth,    p  i - i ,  2 :  rev.  4. 

i?"  pi-lu-ur-te,  1:  rev.  6. 

panu  (nj£)),  ^^/o^e.  pan  1 :  rev.  31 ;  4:  12.  paui-ka,4:9.  pa-ni-§u, 
3:11.  pa-ni-su-nu,  4:  rev,  4.  pani-su-nu,  4  :  rev.  10.  p  an  a  tu  ,  6e/o?'e. 
pa-na-tu-su-nu,    1:9.    pa-ni-tu,   464:  rev,  1. 

pu-ri-di,  6:  7,  12,13,  rev.  5. 

parisu  ['^'^t!i),  judge.    am8iu  pa-r  i-su-u-t  e,  1:  rev.  25. 

p  u  - 1  u  ,  side,  entrance,  3:7.     p  u  -  u  t ,   3  :  rev.  1. 

patu  (J^sjlfi),  to  open.  I.  1.  ap-ta,  1:  rev.  24;  Perm,  pa-tu-u-ni; 
464  :  14. 

paharu  {^^Q),  to  collect.     II.  2.  up-ta- at-hu- ru,  1:  rev.  28, 


sabu  (J<0^),  soldier,      ameiu  g^b  eP'- ,  3:4;    7:    5,9;  463:    10;   464: 
11.     amelu  sabePJ--su,   3:  rev.  2. 


The  Letters  of  the  R"  2.  Collection. 


sabatu  (Jl^V)'  seize,  take  1.  1.  i-sa-bat,  1:  11;  i-sab-tu,  11:  11; 
is-sab-tu- n  i-su,  464  :  rev.  7.  II.  1.  tu-sa-bit,l:  rev.  23;  u-sa-bit- 
u  -  n  i ,  1 :  rev.  29. 


k  ib  u  (J^Op),  to  speak,  command.  I.  1.  Pret.  ik-bu-u-ni,  4:  rev.  8  ;  n  i- 
ik-bi,  6:  rev.  12.  I.  1.  Pres.  i-kab-[bi],  6:  11;  i-kab-bi,  8:  rev.  11; 
a-ka-bu-u-ni,  464  :  16.     k u - b u ,  cry,  1 :  rev.  28. 

katu,  hand,    ka-ti,  5:  7,  12. 

kanu  (probably),  siVZe,  ftorc^er.     ka-an-ni,  1:  rev.  31.     ka-ni,  2:  10. 

karabu  (21p),  to  Z>e  wear.     I.I.Perm,   ka-ra-bu,   464:  10. 

kitridu  (Tip),  mighty  one,  6:  rev.  9. 

amelu  rab-bi-LUL,   music  director,  463:  10. 
amelu  rab-SE-SA,   chief  of  the  sacrificial  festivity,  1:  rev.  18. 
amelu  rab-sabre^^^-,  chief  of  the  magicians,  3  :  5. 
marditu  (m*!),  road,     mar-di-tu,  1:  rev.  7. 

narkabtu  (Dl3l)i  chariot.  i?"  narkabt-e,  6:  9.  *?"  narkabti,  6: 
rev.  4. 

rakasu  (DD1)  to  bind.    1.2.  ar-ta-kas,   1:  10,25.    ir-ta-kas,  1:  12. 


s  a,  which  ;  has  also  the  force  and  meaning  of.  s  a ,  which,  1  :  4,  rev.  16  ;  2  : 
4,  rev.  3,  4,  10  ;  3  :  12  ;  4:  6,  7  ;  5  :  6  ;  6:  6,  9,  14,  rev.  6  ;  8  :  rev.  7  ;  11:  1 ;  458: 
10;  459:  6;  462:  6;  463:  5,11;  464:  6,11,14,  15,  rev.  9.  sa,  of,  1:  15,16, 
rev.  18,  26,  27,  30,  31 ;  2:9, 10,  rev.  5  ;  3 :  6,  7,  10,  rev.  1 ;  6 :  rev.  5,  15  ;  8:8, 
10,  rev.  10;  458:  rev.  5;  463:  10;  464:  2,  8,  13,  rev.  5. 

§u  =  Ae.    su-u,  3:  11;  6:  15,  rev.  2. 

sa'alu  {^^\^),to  ash.  1.2.  a-sa-al,  1:  rev.  19.  a-sa-'a-la,  4:  rev.  1. 
a-sa-[al],  11:  3.    a-sa-al-su,  11:  rev.  2.    i-sa-al-lu,  464:  7. 

sadadu  ('TltJ'),  to  draw.    I.  1.  lis-da-du,  459:  7. 

sakalu  w'Z^),  to  care  for.  1.2.  as-si-kal,  8:  rev.  8.  la-as-kal,  8: 
rev.  12. 

s  e  p  u ,  foot.    §  e  p  a  P*- ,  3 :  4. 

sakanu  (ptJ^),  to  estahlish.  I.  I.Perm,  si-kun,  1:  rev.  11.  amfilu 
sakan-massarti,   commander  of  the  watch,  4 :  5,  rev.  9. 

sa,\Amn  (}27ti/),  to  complete.  II.  1.  tu- sal -lum-ni,  1:  rev.  24.  sulmu, 
peace,  sul-mu,  1:  3;  2:  3;  3:  3;  4:  3;  5:  3;  6:  3;  7:  3;  8:  3;  458:  3, 
4,5,6,7;  459:  3;  462:  3;  463:  3,4;  464:  5,6.    sul-me,  5:  rev.  5. 

sum-ku-un(?),  yourname,4M:  rev.  11. 

semu  (t<4DtJ'))   to  hear.     I.   1.  Pret.   ni-is-me,   1:   rev.  21.     I.   2.  Pret. 

a-si-me,  3:  rev.  5.    i-si-me,  464:  rev.  5. 

summa,^/.    sum-ma,  1:  rev.  22,  29  ;  8  :  rev.  11. 
*6 


28  Hebraica. 

amelu  sa-nu-te,  second  officer^  3:  5. 

s at tu  (njtr),  2/ca.n    sanatiPl-     (MU- AN-N  Ap*-)  8  :  11. 

sapalu  {'75tJ')i  to  ^^  ^ow.  saplu,  under,  sapli  (KI-TA),  1:  10,  12, 
24.  sapli-su  (KI-TA),  1:  19.  sap-li,5:7.  sap-la,  5  :  12  ;  6  :  9,  rev. 
4,  14. 

saparu  (nGtJ')i  t(>  send.  I.  1.  is-pur-an-ni  ,1:5,  rev.  16  ;  4  :  8  ;  5  :  6, 
10;  6:  6;  458:  10;  459:  6;  462:  6;  463:  5.  tas-pur-aii-ni,  2:  4,  rev. 
3.  is-pur-su-u-ni,  1:  22;  i-sap-ra,  1:  rev.  22.  a  -  s  a  p  -  r  a ,  463  :  9  ; 
i-sap-par-an-ni,  8:  rev.  14  ;  li  s-pa-r[u] ,  463  ;  rev.  2.  Impv.  su-pur, 
11 :  2  ;  459  :  7.  s  u  p  -  r  u ,  463 :  9.  I.  2.  i  -  s  a  -  ap  -  r  u  ,  464  :  rev.  6  ;  a  -  s  a  -  p  a  r , 
5:  11;  a-sa-ap-ra,  464  :  rev.  11. 

§arru  HntT),  king,  sarru,  1 :  4,  14,  22,  rev.  4,  10,  16,  21,  31 ;  2:  13  ;  3  : 
rev.5;  4:  7,  rev.7;  5:  6,9;  6:  6,  11,  rev.  6;  8:  rev.  11,  13;  11:  1;  458:  10; 
459:  6,  8;  462:  6;  463:  5.  sar,  2:  5.rev.  8.  sarri,  1:  1,  3,  rev.  31 ;  2:  rev.  5  ; 
3:  1,  3;  4:  1,  4;  5  :  1,  3  ;  6  :  1,  3,  5,  rev.  10,  15  ;  7  :  1,  3  ;  8  :  1,  3,  6,  8, 10,  rev. 
10;  11:  rev.5;  458:  1,  7,  8,  rev.  5;  459:  1,  3,  4;  462:  [1],  3;  463:  1,  3; 
464:    15,  rev.  5.    sarrani  p*-,  6:  rev.  13.    sar-ru-u-tu,  royalty,  S:  14. 

su-u-tu,  tJiat,  the  aforesaid,  11 :  9  ;  464:  8,  rev.  2,  5. 


tebu  mi'2r\),  enemy.     tebeP*-,  7:  5. 

mutir  puti,  bodyguard,    am^lu  mutir   pu-te,  1:  7;  7:  4;  462:  5. 

ti-[ma]-a-li  i'^DH),  yesterday,  8 :  rev.  7. 


The  following  numerals  occur  in  these  letters,  written  in  each  case  without 
any  phonetic  complement. 

2.1:9,11,19,24.  4.  464 :  rev.  7.  18  [k an].  464:  2.  23.  8:  rev.  15.  50. 
463 :  6,  7.    3000.  3 :  4. 

PROPER  NAMES. 

™  U-ak-sa-tar,  464:  rev.  6. 

aiu  U-a-si,  2:  9,14. 

aiuU-e-si,  3:  rev.  6. 

m  Abu-ul-i-di,  462:  4. 

™  A-bit-sar-usur,  5:  2. 

matu  U-ka-a-a,  2:  10;  3:  rev.  1. 

matu  Akkad-a-a,  2:  5. 

matu  Akkad  (ki),  7:  6. 

m  Up-pi-te,  464:  12. 

aiu  A-ra-ak-di,  1 :  20,  rev.  9. 

m  aiu  Arba-ilu-a-a,  1:  5,12. 


The  LBTTiSKS  of  the  R^  2.  Collection. 

aiu  Ur-ia-ku,  464:  13. 

alu  Arrapha,  1:  11,  rev.  26. 

aiu  Ur-zu-hi-na,  1:  8,  18,  23,  rev.  8,  31. 

aiu  Ar-zu-lji-na,  1:  rev.  5. 

ameiu  As-da-a-a-ti,  6:  rev.  11. 

m  Isdi-fearrani,  1:  7, 10. 

™  As-pa-ba-ra,  464:  9. 

E-sarra(ki),  458:  3. 

Asur,  458:  8;  459:  4. 

matu  Assur(ki),  2:  rev.  8 ;  458:  6. 

aiu  Assur  (LIB  ALI),  458:  5. 

™  Asur-Dur-pa-n  i-[a],  462:  2. 

™  Asur-ri-su-a,  3:  2. 

^  Istar-sum-er-e§,  6:  2. 

ameiu  I-tu-'-a-a,  463:  7. 


29 


iiu  Bel,  8:  7. 

iiu  Beltu,  458:  8;  459:  4. 

^  ii"  Beltu-kab-din(?),  6:  rev.  8. 

matu  Ba-bi-ti,  1:  rev.  18. 

m  Bab-ba-ni,  7:  4. 

matu     Bar-hal-sa,   11:  4. 


«i  Gil-sa-na,  2:  1. 


ai"   Dur-ta-li-ti,   1:  15,  rev.  1. 
all  Dur-fatanaP''--te,   1:  rev.  13. 
[aiu]  Diir-Sar-ukin,  8:  rev.  3. 


aiii  Hal -su,  463:4. 
aiu  Ha-ri-pa,  464:  9. 


mTabu-sil-Esarra,  458:  2;  459:  2. 


matu  Kal-da-a-a,  462:  5. 

ameiu  Kal-da-a-a,  5:  5. 

*iu  Kar-msar-ukin,  464:3,  rev.  9. 


mLu-tu-u,  464:  8. 


30  Hebraica. 

naruME,  3:  8. 

matu  Ma-sa-mu,   1:  13. 

all  Mu-sa-sir,2:  rev.  1;  3:7. 

iiu  Marduk,  6:  4;  8:  5. 

aiu  Mu-ti-an-ni,   11:  6. 


iiu  Nabu,  6:  4;  8:  5,7. 

m  iiu  Nabu-er-e5,  5:  4. 

m  iiu  Nabu-lal-an-ni,  464:  rev.  4. 

m  iiu  Nabu-sum-iddina,  8:  2. 

iiu  Nergal,  8:  7. 


m  Si-e-ti-ni,  3:  6,10. 
aiu  Sa-ba-ha-ni,  463:  8. 
m  Su-na-a,  3:  12. 


ameiu  Kur-ra-a-a,  463:  6. 


iJiRa-ma i,  464:  rev.  10. 


mSam-hu-il"   Sa-mas,  4:  2. 
™  Samas-emur-an-ni,  463 :  2. 
°^Samas-bel-usur,  1:2. 
mgar 7:  2. 


ai"  Ta-ga-la-gi,  1:  16. 


I,  George  Ricker  Berry,  was  born  in  West  Sumner,  Maine,  on  the  15th  of 
October,  1865.  I  prepared  for  college  at  Hebron  Academy.  I  received  the  degree 
of  A.B.  from  Colby  University  in  1885.  Part  of  the  following  year  was  spent  in 
teaching.  During  the  years  1886-1889, 1  studied  at  Newton  Theological  Institu- 
tion, pursuing  the  usual  Theological  course,  but  giving  special  attention  to  the 
Semitic  Languages  under  Professors  O.  S.  Stearns  and  C.  R.  Brown.  From  1892 
to  1895  I  was  a  Graduate  student  at  The  University  of  Chicago,  devoting  myself 
especially  to  Assyrian  under  Professor  Robert  Francis  Harper.  I  have  also  pur- 
sued the  study  of  the  other  Semitic  Languages  under  President  William  R. 
Harper,  Professor  Emil  G.  Hirsch,  and  others. 


or  th; 


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